Okokuqala, Isizinda Esithile
Ukubuyela kusizinda
Iningi labantu licabanga nge-pasta njengesi-Italian Dish esine-quintessential, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso kakhulu kwePeninsula, ikakhulukazi eningizimu. I-Polenta, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakuyisidlo sokudla kwabampofu eNyakatho, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala ezweni. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kommbila ngasekupheleni kwe-1700s, kwakunezinhlamvu kanye / noma ama-legumes ahlambulukile futhi aphekwe ku-mush, futhi anonwe ngamafutha, anyanisi, i-fennel, uju, noma noma yini eyatholakala.
I-uninspiring, kodwa ngokuqinisekile inomsoco ngokwanele ukugcina abantu bephila.
Ngokusungulwa kommbila, izinto zashintsha kakhulu, njengoba abanikazi bomhlaba bethola ukuthi okusanhlamvu okusha kwakungcono kunezolimo zendabuko, ngakho-ke babekwazi ukunikela umhlaba wabo obuningi ezitshalweni ezabahola uma beba nomqashi wabo abalimi bahlala emanzini. Ummbila wawubanjwe njengama-grains endabuko, futhi i-polenta yaqala ukuchaza ukudla kommbila. Ngaphambi kwemindeni ende empofu ayizange iqhubeke nenye into, njengoba uPasquale Villari abika encwadini yakhe, uLetere Meridionali, ngo-1886:
"... Abalimi abaziwa ngokuthi i- disobbligati (abasebenzi basezinsukwini ) basekela imindeni engaphezu kuka-20 000 ezungeze iMantova, kanti kunezinye eziningi ezingcono kakhulu. Lezi zisebenzi zithola umholo oba ngu-1.2 Lire ngosuku, lapho esebenza, kanye nezinkinga zabo zokugcina ezingu-10, 12, kanye namahora angu-14 nsuku zonke; ikhomishana (ukuphenya inqwaba yabasebenzi) yabiza ngokuthi izimo zabo zithandwa ngabantu. Abalimi nemindeni yabo basinda cishe kuphela kwi-polenta, lapho bengeza khona anyanisi noshizi omubi ebusuku, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho besebenza badla isinkwa nesobho kanye ngesonto, kodwa ebusika yi-polenta ekuseni nobusuku, futhi ukudla okunezintathu kuvame ukucindezelwa kube yinye. okwenziwe kusuka kummbila oye wabhidliza ngenxa yokuntuleka kokomisa izinhlanzi, futhi uvinjiwe noma uhlume. Lesi simo sebuhlungu usuku nosuku, futhi sesiye saqala ukuthinta abalimi abacebile kakhulu, baze baqala ukuthengisa izingulube zabo , ne-por isivuno saqinisekiswa ngokuqashisa kwabo, ukuthenga amacembe ukuze bahlale belambile kulo lonke ubusika.
Maye, nje ugaye ummbila ukuze ukhiqize ukudla okukhiqiza ukudla okugcwala kodwa akusiwo okunomsoco, njengoba isimiso somuntu sokugaya singakwazi ukuthola izakhi (ama-Amerindi ahlala emzimbeni athatha ngokuhlukile). Ukuthembela okukhethekile kwi-cornentaal polenta kuletha ukulahlekelwa okunomsoco okwesabekayo okubizwa ngokuthi i-pellagra, okuyi (okucaphuna i-Villari futhi) "iqala ngekhanda nezinhlungu zangemva, ukuphazamiseka kwamaphethelo, nezindumbu zesisu. uhlala ngaphakathi, uqale esiqwini futhi usakaze emaphethelweni nasekulimeni. Ngokuvamile isifo esiqhubekayo, kodwa singaba nzima, sifane ne-typhus, futhi sibulale ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, ne-flare-ups eqeda isisulu futhi ingambulala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezilingisa ezinye izifo. Ngokuvamile kudala ukuhlanya, okubuye kube okuphakathi, futhi kuthatha izinhlobo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka nokudangala ... "
Kungani, uyazibuza, ingabe noma ubani ofuna ukudla ukudla okuletha konke lokhu?
Impendulo ke ukuthi kwakungekho enye into, futhi labo ababengakwazi ukuthuthela bengenakukhetha. IziNyakatho zase-Italiya zisaludla namhlanje, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba zihlwabusayo kakhulu, zithandekayo kakhulu, futhi zihambisana nokuhle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto. Nakuba kungathengwa ukulungiswa, ama-purists alungile athi lokho okwenza ekhaya kungcono.
Ukwenza i-Polenta | I-Polenta Recipes kanye zokupheka kufanelekile ku-polenta
Inqubo iqondile phambili. Uzodinga:
- 1 amakhilogremu noma okunye okunye okudla okusanhlamvu okudlayo (ufuna ukudla kommbila ukuguquka kwesihlabathi esihle, hhayi ufulawa, futhi uma kunokwenzeka umhlabathi)
- 2 amakhilomitha amanzi abilayo (abe ngaphezulu)
- I-isipuni esikhuphuka kasawoti
Beka amanzi emlilweni ebhodweni eliphansi eliphansi futhi ungeze usawoti. Uma kuziwa emathunjini, engeza ukudla kommbila ngokuhamba kancane (awufuni ukuthi ibhodlela liyeke ukubilisa), ivuselela njalo ngekhasi lezinkuni ukugcina izigaxa zingakhiwa. Qhubeka uvuselela, ngendlela efanayo, njengoba i-mush thickens, cishe ihora lesigamu (uma isikhathi eside usenza ngcono i-polenta kuyoba; i-polenta eqediwe kufanele ibe nokuvumelana kwamazambane ahlambulukile), enezela amanzi abilayo uma kudingeka.
I-polenta yenziwa uma ihamba kalula emaceleni ebhodweni.
Ikhonza 4.
Lena yindlela ejwayelekile oyothola kuzo zonke izincwadi zokupheka zase-Italy, futhi ithatha umzamo olinganiselayo wokuzikhandla ngoba uma uyeka ukugqugquzela i -polenta izokunamathela nokushisa-umzamo owanele wokuthi inkampani yenza i- paioli ( amakhombi wendabuko we-polenta) okunamathiselwe ngezimoto zokunakekela ukugqugquzela. Zisebenza kahle, kodwa kufanele uzithenge.
UJohn esikhundleni salokho wangibhala ngitshele ngendlela elula kakhulu:
"Uthandani owenza i- Verza e-Luganega yakho njengalokhu kuphelile lapha (i-Arese, ngaphandle kwe-Milan), ngakho-ke uxoxisane ne- polenta iresiphi yakho kanye nalokhu okuphindaphindiwe i-mantra engaphelelwa yisikhathi okumele uyivuse, ivuselele, ivuse. futhi avume ukuthi kwakuvame ukuvusa intshiseko yokwenza i-polenta njalo.
"Kuze kube yilapho umngane wethu uPatrizia elandisa ngomndeni owavakashela eValle d'Aosta, bangena e-trattoria ngasekupheleni kwekusasa, ngesikhathi sakusihlwa, babuza ukuthi bangadla yini. Impela, i- subito. Ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga ezintathu ezedlule ntambama. Lokhu kwakubonakala kungavamile uma bekufanele kwenziwe ngokukhethekile kuma-batches omzuzu angu-40.
"Batshelwa le mfihlo:
"Lungisa i-polenta yakho njengaye ngaphambili, kodwa uma usufaka imfucumfucu emanzini abilayo, uyifaka iphepha elibomvu (Ngisanda kuvula isikhwama semaphepha esibhakabhaka sithola isinkwa sethu), sibophe isembozo, susa kuya emlilweni we-back and turn the heat to a minimum.Ngemva kwalokho, emva kwemizuzu engu-40 esemthethweni, i-poly yakho isilungile - ngaphandle kokugqugquzela. Kuzohlala kufudumele ... noma ubani ovukela amahora amabili sekwephuzile sakusihlwa.
"Sizame futhi isebenza ngempela."
Remo iphakamisa enye indlela ephelele uma uhlela phambili:
"Ugogo wami omdala (owazalwa e-Italy) wangifundisa eminyakeni eminingi edlule ukuthi ngingakugwema kanjani ukugqugquzela ukugqugquzela nokugubha i-polenta. Faka i- recipie eyisisekelo kumpheki ophuza . Pheka ngobusuku obuphansi (okungenani amahora angu-6). Ekuseni uzoba ne-polenta epholile, e-creamiest ophuphayo kuphela. Ingxenye eyodwa ingenziwa enqoleni ehlelwe emanzini njengalungiselelo lokubilisa ngamabhodlela (izinga lokulinganisa okuqukethwe kwesitsha) - isindisa ukuhlanza umpheki imbiza. "
U-Loris ufunde isiphakamiso sika-Remo futhi uthi,
"Umqondo omuhle uma wenza abantu abambalwa ngokwanele. Kodwa-ke, uma senza lokho, kuyindaba yomndeni evame ukubandakanya abantu abangu-5-10, noma ngaphezulu, ukuze badle ukudla. Yini esiyitholile, ukuze sigweme izibani ezihambisana nokwengeza ukudla kommbila emanzini abilayo, ukusebenzisa umxube wezandla . I-mixer ayifaki esikhundleni sokugqugquzela okuhilelekile ukuze kugweme i-polenta ukunamathela phansi kwebhodlela, kepha izibindi zero ziqinisekisiwe. "
U-Gian John Banchero esikhundleni sakhe usebenzisa i-Pressure Cooker:
Ngingumkhiqizo wobaba wasePiemontese nomama weSicilian. Umama wayengekho uxhumano oluthile ne-polenta ngakho-ke eminyakeni edlule ayifake emphefumulini wokucindezela, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlaselwa kwezihlobo zami ezisenyakatho ezisalokhu zisebenzisa i-paiolo yethusi, ziziqhayisa ngamagesi azo awaziwayo.
Ngenza i-polenta engumpheki wokucindezela u-99% wesikhathi, uma ngingacabangi ukuthi ngizokwenza njalo.
Phakathi nokuvakasha kwami kokugcina ePiemonte naseMilano, ngamangala lapho ngithola ukuthi izihlobo eziningi zisebenzisa indlela yokucindezela yokupheka.
Lena indlela yami (nomama) yokucindezela i-cooker polenta:
- Amanani we-polenta isidlo namanzi adingekayo
- Iphunga lebhotela
- Usawoti
Phonsa zonke izithako kumpheki wokucindezela , ikhava. Lapho ukushisa okuphezulu kuletha konke emathunzini omzimba, vala imbobo yamanzi (noma yikuphi okubizwa ngokuthi), ukushisa okuphansi kuya efutha eliphansi kakhulu futhi upheke imizuzu eyishumi. Uma ukucindezela sekuyehlise - kungaba ngokwemvelo noma ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo - susa isembozo bese unikeza i-polenta intukuthelo enhle ukuze ixhumane nesiketshezi. Plop out ebhodini bese usebenza njengenjwayelo.
Umbono wokugcina: Nakuba i-polenta iyinhle unyaka wonke, ukwenza ehlobo kuzoshisa ikhishi lakho, okuyinto okungenzeka ukwenze ngaphandle. I- polenta ekulungisiwe yezohwebo ayinakho ukuhambisana kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe ekhaya kodwa iyosebenza futhi iyisikhathi esibucayi kakhulu. Ungasho lutho olupholile.
I-Polenta: Umlando nesimo sangemuva | I-Polenta Recipes kanye zokupheka kufanelekile ku-polenta
- I-Polenta ne-Black Leaf Kale - i-Polenta e-Cavolo Nero
Nakuba ngokuvamile ama-Italiya ahlobanisa i- cavolo nero ne-Tuscany, ikhule kulo lonke izwe, futhi le recipe ivela ku-Valle d'Aosta. Ngokuvamile kusetshenzwa njengesidlo esisodwa. - Cervo Stufato ai Funghi
I-Stewed Venison ngamakhowe: Okujabulisayo! - Calentita
- Ukuhlukahluka kweGibraltarian ePanissa elethwe ngamasolwandle aseLigurian.
- I-Polenta e-Sarda
I- polenta yaseSardinian enenhliziyo enhle neyama- rustic ishicilela ushizi nosawoti we-tomato; kuhlanganiswe nesaladi ekhonjiwe kuyoba ukudla okuphelele. - I-Polenta i-Fagioli, iFave e-Cavoli
I-Polenta neKlabishi namaBhontshisi , okungahambi kahle kwebusika. - I-Polenta del Reggitore
- I-polenta ephuziwe ne shizi elimnandi.
- Frittelle di Polenta alla Lodigiana
- I-polenta fritters enhle kakhulu egcwele i-prosciutto kanye noshizi. I-tidbit ephelele!
- I-Polenta pasticciata alla tirolese
- I-polished baked polenta efakwe enotheni ye- anchovy . Ngokushesha, futhi mnandi entwasahlobo noma ewa.
- I-Sea Scallops namaMushroom ngaphezu kwePolenta
Iresiphi ehlwabusayo evela eStuart Borken. - I-Polenta Pasticciata e-Milanese
- Isitsha esiphundu esiphundu se-polenta esinekhanda nama-mushroom ukuze kugcinwe ubusika.
- I-Polenta Pasticciata e-Lombarda
I- polenta ecebile ebhakabhaka ne-cheese ezosiza ukugcina ubusika bubusika. - I-Polenta Pasticciata con le Salsicce
I-polenta eqoshiwe ene-sausages, okunye okunambithekayo kokudla okusheshayo, noma ukudla okulula. - I-Polenta Pastizada Trionfo Friulana
I-polenta ebhakabhaka engavamile kakhulu, eyisiqalo esiphelele sokudla kwesidlo. - I-Pasticcio di Polenta e Gorgonzola
- Isidlo esinomusa, esiphundu esiphelele ebusika.
- I-Polenta alla Viandese
I-Polenta, enomnandi nge-lemon, i-sugar, futhi ethosiwe: ukudla okujwayelekile noma kwasekuseni eMantova. - I-Polenta coi Fasoi
I-polenta enobhontshisi yenza i-antipasto esiphundu, noma ukuhambisana okuhle ku-roast noma isobho. - I-Polenta Vuncia
I-Polenta igcwele i-bell-laced-laced butter and cheese. Iconsisa Amathi!. - Fagiolata
Ukulingana kwe-Piiemonte yeNgulube & Ubhontshisi kuphelele ngaphezu kwe-polenta. - Fasuleda
Kanjalo okwenziwe ku-Emilia eseduze. - I-Polenta e-Osei Scappati
I-Polenta nezinyoni ezibalekile-isitshalo lapho abazingeli beza bengenalutho. - I-Goulash ne-Polenta
- Ngempela inhlanganisela ephefumulelwe!
- I-Polenta ne-Baccalà alla u-Vicentina
I-Baccalà isobho ebisi isiphelele ngokuphelele ngepolanta ikakhulukazi eqoshiwe i-polenta. - I-Polentone con Lumache
Izinkukhu kanye ne-polenta, ukuhamba kwe-rustic yokudla kwesiLwesihlanu ezintabeni lapho kwakungekho khona inhlanzi. Futhi imiyalo yokulungiselela izimbongolo. - Bue Brasato con Gnocchi di Polenta
Inkabi enhle ekhonjiwe ne-polenta njenge-dish side. - I-Tacchino iqukethe i-Cipolle alla Contadina
Isifuba esingavamile se-turkey esizoba mnandi nge-polenta. - Cinghiale fra Due Fuochi
Izinkumbi zasendle (noma enye umdlalo) odotiwe futhi ophethwe ngamaninade, azosebenza kahle nge-polenta. - I-Lombo di Maiale con le Mele
Ingulube ihamba nge-apula iyinhlangano yokupheka yonke futhi izosebenza kahle nge-polenta. - I-Agnello con le Olive Nere
Ukufutheka kwama- olive omnyama kuphelisa kahle imvu. - Ossa dei Morti
Ezingxenyeni zesifunda saseVeneto, lawa makhukhi ayenziwa ngenhlama e-polenta. - I-Verze e Luganega
I-Luganega sausage (i-re-link sausage) kanye neklabishi yeSavoy yiyona efanelana ne-polenta.
Ukuvala (okwamanje), i-polenta nayo iyamangalisa njenge-appetizer, inqamule ku-1 ngamasentimitha angu-3, ama-square angama-intshi angu-1 intshi, othosiwe, futhi usakazeka nge-mushroom sauce noma i-paté yesibindi.
Jabulela!
I-Polenta: Umlando nesimo sangemuva | Ukwenza i-Polenta