Ukudla kwamaJuda 101: Ukuvakashelwa okunamandla kwezidlo ezibalulekile

Yini, ngokuqondile, ukudla kwamaJuda? Abanye bangasho ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okudliwe amaJuda, kanye / noma noma yikuphi ukudla okuphazamisayo. Kodwa lokho kungukuthi kuyinhloko enkulu kakhulu, futhi umuntu onganaki umqondo wokuthi ukudla kwamaJuda, okuthathwe njengenhlangano yonke, kuyinto ehlukahlukene emangalisayo, emazweni angaphandle, aphethwe yizilwane. Kwabaningi, kungukudla kwesiko lomuntu siqu (ie Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrachi, njll.) - ikakhulukazi iShabbat yendabuko kanye neholide-okubhalisa ngokuthi "amaJuda". Kodwa kungathatha i-encyclopedia (okungenani!) Ukumboza ububanzi beqiniso bokupheka kwamaJuda kanye namasiko okudla. Eqinisweni, i-Encyclopedia of Jewish Food , isazi-mlando esidumile sokudla esifundazweni uRabi Gil Marks, isisetshenziswa esikhulu sokuhlola le ndaba. I-cookbook nayo inganikeza ukuqonda okubanzi-ukungasho lutho lokunambitha-okungcono kakhulu kokudla kwamaJuda. Ukuze uqalise, nansi ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwezitsha ezithile zezithonjana, kanye nokwaziswa ngentambo evamile phakathi kwabo.

• 01 ka 09

  I-Shabbat ne-Holiday Breads

  Isinkwa ( esibizwa ngesiHeberu) sasiyisisekelo sokudla kwa-Israyeli wasendulo, futhi sasibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yeThempeli kanye nemikhosi yamaholidi. Ngakho-ke amaJuda angamaJuda ahlakulela amasiko ahlobene nesinkwa ahlukumezayo. Ngenkathi imiphakathi yamaJuda emhlabeni jikelele ivame ukwamukela isinkwa samazwe awakhamuzile, kwavela izinkwa ezihlukahlukene zeSabbat (nakuba abanye, njenge- challah , bevame ukuguqulwa ngesinkwa esithandwa yiziko ezizungezile). Ezinye izinkwa ezikhethekile ze-Shabbat zihlanganisa:

  • UJachnun, isinkwa saseYemenite esiphekwa ngobusuku bonke futhi senziwa eSabbbat sasemini namatamatisi kanye ne-condiment echug .
  • I-Kubaneh, esinye isinkwa saseJenenite esipheke kancane, sinomkhuba wokuhlukanisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi igcwele amaqanda egobolondo.
  • Dabo, isinkwa esiphundu se-honey, esiphundu, esithandwa yi-Beta Israel amaJuda ase-Ethiopia on Shabbat namaholide. Ngesikhathi injera idliwe phakathi nesonto yenziwe ngofulawa we-teff, i-dabo yenziwa ngokolweni.
  • I-Matzo, isithako esingenamvubelo esilula, isinkwa esingokomfanekiso sePhasika. (Uma ucabanga ngakho njenge-giant cracker, phawula ukuthi i -matzo yasekuqaleni yayinamapulangwe afana ne-laffa , kanti abanye basalondoloza isimiso sokudla okuthiwa "i-matzo elula."

  Ngokuqondene nezinkwa zansuku zonke, ama-pita, ama- bagels , i-bialy ne-malawach (isinkwa sase-Yemenite esithandwa kakhulu kwa-Israyeli) ziphakathi kwalezo ezihlobene nokudla kwamaJuda.

• 02 ka 09

  Ama-Appetizers

  Emazweni amaJuda aseSephardi naseMizrahi, ukudla ngokuvamile kuqala ngokukhethwa kwezicelo zokugqoka, isitayela se-mezze; lesi sakhiwo sokudla samukelwa nemiphakathi yamaJuda. U-Ashkenazi umJuda naye uye wajabulela izitsha zokuvula i-palate-ekugcineni ephethe igama elithi "esitolo esithakazelisayo" sabathengisi abanikeza ukusabalala nokudoba inhlanzi kwakusho ukuqala (noma ngezinye izikhathi ukudla). Ama-appetizers zendabuko afaka:

  • Isibindi esinqunyiwe saba yindumiso ethandwayo kumaJuda aseFrance ephakathi, owavusa amahansi we- schmaltz (amafutha okupheka), wabe esebenzisa ama-liver fattened. (I-foie gras yaseFrance yayisuka kulolu hlelo.) Namuhla, isibindi esiqotshiwe senziwa ngokuyinkukhu noma inyama yenkomo.
  • I-Carciofi alla i-Giudia , noma ama-artichokes aqoshiwe amaJuda, isidlo samaJuda samaJuda esasetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokudla zase-Italy. Ama-artichokes, okuxoxwa ngazo ku-Talmud, ayebhekwa njengemifino "yamaJuda", futhi ngenxa yamalungiselelo afana nalokhu amaNtaliyane angewona amaJuda ayamamukela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-artichokes amasha ayitholakalanga emiphakathini eminingi yama-Orthodox yamaJuda, ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana nokukhulelwa kwezidakamizwa (izimbungulu eziningi azigcini).
  • Ama-Pickles azo zonke izinhlobo adumile kulo lonke izwe lamaJuda. Ama-pickle e-garlic i-cucumber ama-pickk ayingcweti ye-Ashkenazi, kanti i-amb, noma i-mango eqoshiwe eqoshiwe, isakazwa kumaJuda aseBagdhad aya e-Iraq. I-caulifulawa ekhethiwe ekhethiwe iyathandwa kwa-Israyeli, kuyilapho iminqumo, ephiliswa ngokuyi-pickling, ibaluleke kakhulu njengelinye lama- Seven Species of Israel .
  • I-Gundi, ikhethelo lamaJuda asePheresiya, ama-dumplings aqoshiwe aphethwe ufulawa we-chickpea kanye nenkukhu esemhlabathini noma i-turkey. Bakhonjwa njenge-appetizers, noma bengezwe kusobho.
  • Amanye ama-appetizers adumile afaka ama-dips afana ne-hummus, i-matboucha ne-baba ghanoush, izidlo ezinamafutha ezinjenge-bourekas kanye nezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi noma izinhlanzi ezibhemayo .

• 03 ka 09

  I-Shabbat Stews ephuziwe kancane

  Ngenxa yokuthi ukupheka akuvunyelwe ku-Shabbat, abapheki bamaJuda bathuthukisa izindlela zokupheka zokudla ezizobamba (noma ngcono nakakhulu, zithuthukise ukunambitheka) uma ziphekwe kusengaphambili futhi zihlale zifudumele. Nazi ukuhluka okuhlukile:

  • Ukuzikhethela, nakuba kuqhathaniswa eduze namaJuda aseMpumalanga Yurophu, cishe kwavela eFrance. Lesi sidlo esinomsoco, esinjengesiqhumane ngokuvamile sihlanganisa inyama yenkomo, ibhali, amazambane kanye nobhontshisi.
  • Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwi-dafina, isobho se-Moroccan Shabbat. Inkukhu kanye nenkukhu, amazambane, ama-chickpeas, amaqanda e-shell-shell, izinsuku, irayisi kanye nebhaliki noma ukolweni kakolweni ziphakathi kwezingqikithi zendabuko.
  • I-Tabeet yisidlo samaJuda sase-Iraq somshuzi olayishiwe ophuzi ophekwe emgqeni werayisi engeziwe, izinongo namaqanda e-shell.
  • UDoro wot , isidlo sikazwelonke saseTopiya, futhi yisiphakamiso seSabbate samaJuda ase-Beta. I-iresiphi ihlanganisa inkukhu, anyanisi, amaqanda onke e-shell-shell kanye nezinongo ezihlanganisa umxube ohlukile owaziwa ngokuthi berbere.

• 04 ka 09

  I-soups

  Isidlo siyisisekelo, sinomsoco futhi sihlala njalo emakhakheni emhlabeni jikelele-kuhlanganise nokudla kwamaJuda angaphandle. Imifino ngokuvamile ibonisa labo abajabulela amasiko ahambelayo, ngokushintshashintsha kwe-kosher. Ezinye izintandokazi zihlanganisa:

  • Isobho seMatzo, i-Ashkenazi classic, eyenziwe nge-inkukhu umhluzi kanye namadombolo ase-matzo.
  • I-Schav, isobho se-sorrel, ne- borscht , isobho se-beet esekelwe, yizintandokazi ezimbili zase-Eastern Europe zonyaka.
  • I-Harira, isobho esisekelwe lentil nge-pasta futhi ngezinye izikhathi inyama, iyalwa amaJuda aseMoroccan, futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphula (noma ngezinye izikhathi ukuqala) okusheshayo, okufana noJom Kippur noma uTisha B'Av.
  • I-Gundi, isobho lasePheresiya, ifaka umhluzi wezinkukhu ezinamafutha kanye ne-chickpea nezinkukhu zezinkukhu.

• 05 ka 09

  Izitsha Eziyinhloko

  Ukuze uthole iholidi kanye neSabbat ngokudla ikakhulukazi, izilwane ngokuvamile ziyizici njengento eyisikhungo sokudla. Izitsha ze-Iconic emhlabeni we-Ashkenazi zihlanganisa inyama edosiwe noma eyisikali, njenge-brisket. Iklabishi eqoshiwe ingasetshenziswa njenge-appetizer noma isidlo esikhulu. Izinkukhu zezinkukhu nazo ziseduze kakhulu kumaJuda emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi emiphakathini yasogwini kanye neMedithera, inhlanzi nayo ibalulekile. Ama-tajines aseMoroccan , nama- Persian chereshts , izitsha ezinjenge-stew ezivame ukuhlanganisa imifino nezinyama, nazo ziyizigaba ezivamile.

• 06 ka 09

  Ukudla okusemaceleni

  Imifino kanye nezinhlamvu zazo zonke izinhlobo zenze indlela yazo zibe yizicucu ezihlangene. Ku-Ashkenazim, ama- kugels azo zonke izigxobo zinezinhlangothi zesithonjana. I-Kasha Varnishkes , noma izibopho zomnsalo nge-groats enamafutha okugcoba , kukhona enye ukudla okududuzayo yakudala. I-Tabouli, isaladi yemifino eqoshiwe , i-couscous, tajines kanye nezitsha eziningi ezingenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabili njengama-appetizers noma izitsha eziyinhloko ezindaweni zokudlela zaseSephardi naseMizrahi.

• 07 ka 09

  Okukhethekile kweholide

  Izitsha zokudoba zendabuko zivame ukuhluka phakathi kwama-Ashkenazi, iSefrdi, namaMizrahi amaJuda. Kodwa ezimweni ezithile eziyinhloko, kukhona cishe okuvamile okumangazayo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi neholidi lePhasika, i-matzo iyingqayizivele, njengoba i- charoset , izithelo nezithelo ze-nut ezibalulekile ekudleni kwe-Seder. Yiqiniso, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezivela ku-charoset , ezibonisa kokubili ukutholakala kwesithako kanye nokudla okunamandla. Kodwa i-charoset ngokwayo iyinto evamile, okuyinto engeyona into yokudla kwamaholide. Ngokwesibonelo, ePurim, ama- Ashkenazi amaJuda afuna i-hamantaschen , kuyilapho i-Sephardim ikhethe esikhundleni sokudla okuthosiwe okuhloswe ukubhekisela ezindlebeni zikaHamani. Ku-Rosh Hashana, ama-Ashkenazi amaJuda angadla uju noma alungise ama-tzimme ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unyaka omnandi, kuyilapho amaJuda aseSephardi namaMizra angajabulela ukulandelana okufanayo okufana nesimo se-Seder . I-Latkes iyimfuneko ye-Ashkenazim eHanukkah, kuyilapho amaGreki amaGreki angakhetha iLoukoumades .

• 08 ka 09

  Ukudla kwe-Israel

  U-Israyeli wanamuhla ngokuqinisekile uyisiphuzo sokupheka kwesobho uma kuziwa ekudleni ukudla-njengamakhaya emiphakathi yamaJuda ephuma emhlabeni jikelele, egxile ezweni elincane, kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwamakhompiyutha, kokubili kumaJuda naphakathi kwama-Israyeli nomakhelwane babo abangama-Arabhu. Ukudla kwe-Iconic kuhlanganisa i-falafel , shakshouka ne- bourekas , i-condiments efana ne-tahini ne-zchug, izinto zobisi ezifana ne-labneh ne-ghana levana, izinongo ezifana ne-za'atar ne-summac. Futhi isidlo sasekuseni esidumile sase-Israel yisisithombe saso.

• 09 ka 09

  I-Desserts

  Amaswidi ezinhlobonhlobo athokozwa ku-Shabbat namaholidi, okuye kwasiza ukuguqula ukuba abe yizithombe ezibonakalayo. Amanye amaholide athile, njenge-hamantaschen ne- sufganiot . Amanye amaswidi afanelekile afaka ama-chickenpe, babka, maamoul , ama-cockpea asePheresiya aziwa ngokuthi uNan-e Nokhodchi, okuthiwa i- Apple Cake yamaJuda , i-halvah ne-Middle Eastern pudding malabi.