Iphasika lingase lihlale izinsuku ezingu-8 kuphela (noma i-7, uma uhlala kwa-Israyeli), kodwa iholidi libandakanya ukugcwala okunye okunye kokugcwala kwe-kosher okugcwele izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingeyona inkinga phakathi nonyaka wonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi izinto zingadideka ngisho nabantu abafundile kakhulu, futhi ngokugcwele ku-kosher minyaka yonke . Engeza emndenini omdala noma emphakathini wamasiko (amasiko) aqondene neholidi, futhi kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuhlukanisa izinkolelo namaqiniso mayelana nokuthi kungani futhi ukugcina indlela yokugcina i-Pesach.
Kule minyaka, ngiye ngabona zonke izinhlobo zolwazi olunembile olunqunyelwe ukudla kwePhasika, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyizihloko, izincwadi zokupheka, noma imibuzo efundwa ngabafundi. Ngiye ngakha ezinye zezinganekwane ezivamile lapha, kanye nezincazelo mayelana nokusebenza kwangempela uma kuziwa kokungalungi kokudla kwePhasika.
OKUPHILA: Imvubelo yokugcoba neyokubhaka ayinakusihlwa iPhasika ngoba yenza ukudla kuvuke.
Amaqiniso: Uma iTorah ithi isinkwa esingenamvubelo sinqatshelwe ngePhasika, libhekisela kuphela kukolweni, isipelingi, oats, ibhali kanye ne-rye. (Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngisho nololu hlu lungase lungabi ncamashi, njengoba kungezona zonke lezi zinhlamvu ezikhulayo ku-Israyeli wasendulo . Kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokudla nezinhlobo zebhali ezichazwe eMishna, nakuba i- halacha - Umthetho wamaJuda - udinga ukugwema wonke amahlanu okusanhlamvu okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla.) Kunoma yikuphi, lezi zinhlamvu ziba yi-chametz kuphela uma zixutshwe ngamanzi futhi zivunyelwe ukuvuthwa okungenani imizuzu engu-18.
Ama-yeast ayenzeka ngokwemvelo ngama-microorganisms avela emvelweni. Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingu-1500 zalezi fungi ezincane, futhi zivame ukutholakala enhlabathini nasemasimini nokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke ngeke kube nzima ukugwema imvubelo ngisho noma uzame. Siye safunda ukuqoqa izinqubo zemvelo zesimvu futhi sisebenzise kuzo eziningi zokusebenza ze-cultinary .
Kodwa esimweni se-chametz, yi-okusanhlamvu okuvutshiwe, hhayi imvubelo ngokwayo, engavunyelwe. Ngamanye amazwi, okusanhlamvu okuvutshiwe, kodwa akusiyo i-agent evulekile, kuyinkinga.
Cabanga ngalokhu: iwayini, elivutshelwe imvubelo (ngokuvamile imvubelo eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala emagodini amagilebhisi) iyingxenye yePhasika le-Seder. Ama-Seders angenakubalwa aphekwe ngekhekhe eliphakeme eliyi-sponge, evuke ngosizo lwabaningi abamhlophe abashaya amaqanda. Futhi kunezinto eziningi zokudla okuvutshiwe - cabanga i-yogurt, ushizi, ama-pickle, ngisho nale kimchi yama-kosher - engama- 100% e-Pasika.
Ngakho-ke, kungani ungeke ukwazi ukuthola isidumbu semvubelo yePhasika? Ukukhiqizwa kwemvubelo yezohwebo kungabandakanya okusanhlamvu kanye / noma utshwala. Futhi ukudla okudliwa yi-matzo kakade sekuphekwe, ngakho-ke kusukela ekuboneni kwesayensi yezokudla, ngeke nje uziphatha noma uthuthukise indlela ufulawa oyoba ngayo iresiphi . Ngokweqiniso, ngisho noma othile efika nekhefu elimnandi lokupheka kwePhasika, okungeke kube khona isidingo semfuyo eqinisekisiwe yePhasika ukuze kuqhutshwe inkampani ukuyiyisa emakethe.
OKUPHILA: Uma ukudla kubhalwe "i-gluten-free" kuphephile ukudla ngePhasika.
Amaqiniso: Kungenxa nje yokuthi ukudla kuphawulwe- gluten-free akusho ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo ixosha iPhasika.
Kungenzeka ukuthola ama-oats-gluten-free, isibonelo, nama-oats ikakhulukazi awela esigabeni sama-chametz. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezinto zangempela zokucubungula ukudla kwansuku zonke ukuthi ukungcola okuphambene njalo kungenzeka. Amalebula awabonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi lokho okukuphakeji lokudla.
OKUPHILA: Njengoba okusanhlamvu kungavunyelwe ePhasika, konke ukudla kuphephile kubantu abanesifo seCeliac, noma abanye abadinga ukulandela ukudla okungenamsoco we-gluten.
Amaqiniso: Ngeshwa, abantu abanezifo ze-Celiac basadingeka baqaphele ukuthi badla ngani ku-Pesach. Eziningi zokupheka zixhomeke ekudleni kokudla, i-matzo ikhekhe, noma i- matzo farfel , konke okuvame ukwenziwa nge-matzo yengqolowa ene-gluten. Nakuba i-matzo ne-matzo yokudla engenama-gluten isiyatholakala manje, kunzima ukuza futhi kubiza ngaphezu kwe-matzo ejwayelekile. Ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu adinga izinguqulo ezingenayo i-gluten, cishe ngeke abeke imali kuwo.
Kukhona okuhlukile ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo engeyona ye-gebrokts ayi-gluten. Abakwa-Chasidim abaningi banomkhuba wokugwema noma yimaphi ama-matzo ahlangene namanzi. (Nakuba ama-matzo awakwazi ukuba ama-chametz uma kuphekwe, i-minhag yavela ngokukhathazeka ukuthi ama-matzo angaphansi kwamanzi noma angabhekwa ngamakhemikhali angaba yi-chametz.) Lokho akusho ukuthi kukhona ama-matzo balls, akukho izinto eziphekwe ezenziwe nge-matzo noma i-cake ye-matzo ukudla, noma ngokuyisisekelo noma iyiphi iresiphi efaka i-liquid ehlanganiswe nomkhiqizo we-matzo. Kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo engeyona ye-gebrokts noma zokupheka, okuvame ukwenziwa nge-starch amazambane noma isitashi se-tapioca kunokudla kokudla, kuphephile kulabo okufanele bagweme i-gluten.
OKUPHILA: Ilayisi aliyona iPhasika ngoba iyinhlamvu.
Amaqiniso: Ilayisi yiyona imbewu yezinhlobo zotshani. Akuhambisani nezinhlobo ezingu-5 ze-chametz okusanhlamvu, azitshalanga okusanhlamvu ze-chametz, futhi angeke abe yi-chametz ngokuhlanganiswa ngamanzi. AmaJuda aseSephardi adla irayisi kuPasach, kodwa ama-Ashkenazim akwenzi. Lokhu kuhlobene nomkhuba we-Ashkenazi ukugwema i- kitniyot - "izinto ezincane" ezihlukahlukene ezingahle zidideke ngezinhlamvu ezivinjelwe.
Kukhona impikiswano eGemara mayelana nesimo selayisi. URabi uJohnan ben Nuri, ebona indlela irayisi ehamba ngayo, wathi kumele kube yi-chametz, nakuba ezinye izihlakaniphi zingavumelani. Ngezikhathi ezilandelwayo ze-Talmudic, lapho ukuvinjelwa kwe-Ashkenazi ngokumelene nokudla irayisi kwathola ukuxubana, ukukhathazeka ngokungahambisani nomgwaqo nge-chametz okusanhlamvu cishe kwakuyisici esibalulekile. AmaJuda aseSephardi, ayehlala elayisi-edla amasiko, ngabe bewazi kahle kakhulu futhi bafinyelele emfuleni ongadli. Kodwa ama-Ashkenazi amaJuda ayehlala ezindaweni ezinzima lapho irayisi engazange ikhule khona; irayisi engenisiwe yayinamathuba amaningi okugcinwa noma ukuthuthwa ngezinhlamvu ze-chametz. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amaJuda aseSephardi ahlola irayisi lawo ngaphambi kweholide, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mikhiqizo ye-chametz ehlanganisiwe.
OKUPHILA: Ukudla okunjengobhontshisi, irayisi, i-lentile, kanye nezinongo eziningi akusikho isidingo sePhasika.
Amaqiniso: Futhi, lokhu kwehla kumbuzo we- kitniyot . AmaJuda aseSephardi naseMizrahi, njengendlela ejwayelekile, badla ukudla okuningi amaJuda ase-Ashkenzai anesiko elidala lokugwema iPhasika.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa irayisi, ubhontshisi, i-lentile, i-peas, ummbila, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, amantongomane, kanye nezinhlamvu ezithile kanye nezinongo ezihlanganisa i-sesame, i-poppy, isinaphi, i-fennel, i-coriander, i-caraway, i-fenugreek ne-anise.
Lokhu akusho neze ukuthi i-Sephardim iphula imithetho ye-kosher. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abaningi bathi ukujwayela kwabo ukudla i-kitniyot kuhambisana kakhulu nenhloso yokuqala yaseTorah lapho ukudla okuvunyelwe khona kuPhasika.
Isazi-mlando sezokudla esihlonishwayo uRab Gil Gils sichaza kuyi -Encyclopedia of Jewish Food ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwe-kitniyot kwaqala njengenkambiso yangasese eFrance ephakathi. Abahlakaniphikazi abaningi baphikisana nokusebenzisa lo mkhuba. URav uSamuel uSolomoni waseFalaise wabiza ukuthi ukugwema i- kitniyot "yinkambiso engalungile," ngenkathi uRabbenu Yerucham benesimo seMeshulam wayezikhandla ekuhloleni kwakhe, ebiza ngokuthi i- minhag "iyisiwula" esisodwa.
Noma kunjalo, i- minhag ithatha amandla omthetho, ngakho-ke ukuguqula ukuguquka okukhulu kolwandle kumcabango we-halachic , akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-Ashkenazim izokwehlisa umkhuba wokugwema i-kitniyot. Noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaba nokunyakaza okuthile ngaphambili kwe-kitniyot. Ngokuqonda ukuthi inkambiso yezwe ekhona ihambisana ne- halachic practice, amanye ama- poskim ase-Orthodox ( abenzi bezinqumo ze- halachic ) asequme ukuthi ama-Ashkenazim ahlala kwa-Israyeli angadla ematafuleni omakhelwane bawo aseSephardi naseMizrahi ngePasach, nakuba ngokuvamile kulindeleke ukugwema ukudla okuningi noma okusobala okwenziwa nge- kitniyot .
OKUPHELEKILE: UMatzo uhlale ekhuni.
Amaqiniso: Nope! I-matzo yasekuqaleni cishe yayithambile, efana ne-pita noma i-laffa. Eqinisweni, isiko lokudla i- korech eSeder - isangweji esenziwe nge-maror (amakhambi omuncu) kanye ne-matzo, iyisihluthulelo semvelo ye-matzo yangempela. " Korech" lisho ukuthi "ukugoqa" noma "ukugoba nxazonke," ngakho-ke kumelwe ukuba kwakungenzeka ukuthi ukugoqa ama-matzo nxazonke. Amanye amaSefrdi agcina umkhuba wokudla okuthiwa "i-matzo elula." It is baked ngokukhethekile for iholide, futhi ayitholakali ngesisekelo sezomnotho esasakazeka. Ukuhlala kwe-Ashkenazim eduze nomphakathi waseSephardi, kungenzeka ukulandelela ezinye phansi. Qaphela ukuthi nakuba abanye orabi bevumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-matzo elithambile nge-Ashkenzim, abanye badikibala ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokucabangela kwe- halachic ku-intanethi.
IMPILO: Ukugubha iPhasika ngendlela efanele, kufanele udle i-matzah nsuku zonke.
Amaqiniso: I- mitzvah (umyalo) wokudla i-matzo iqondene nobusuku bokuqala bePasach. Ngaphandle kwa-Israyeli, i-Seders igubha ngobusuku bokuqala nobusuku beholidini, ngakho-ke ukwenza isibusiso esikhethekile phezu kwe-matzo nokudla kwenzeka nakhona. Ngemuva kweSeder (s), akukho mfuneko esemthethweni yokudla i-matzo, kodwa ngokusho kweVilna Gaon, amaJuda agcwalisa i-mitzvah yokudla i-matzah noma nini lapho bedla i- kezayit (ngokweqile "isiqeshana somnqumo"; kusuka kwesigamu kuya kumatashi amaningi alungiselelwe ngokuthengisa.)
OKUPHAKATHI: Kumelwe uphuze iwayini elibomvu kumdabu ukuze ugcwalise ama-mitzvah we-arbah cosot (izinkomishi ezine).
Amaqiniso: Ngenkathi kunesiko esinamandla sokusebenzisa iwayini elibomvu iPhasika lePhasika, kuvunyelwe - futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokukhetha - ukusebenzisa iwayini elimhlophe noma ijusi lamagilebhisi. Iwayini elibomvu ngokusobala livusa izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezingokomfanekiso zePhasika le-Seder, yingakho ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengezintandokazi kwezinye izinketho. Ilungelo lokukwazi ukuphuza iwayini nhlobo ligcinwa kubantu abakhululekile, futhi iPhasika igubha inkululeko yethu ebugqilini. Umbala ubiza igazi engqondweni, futhi kusukela ezinhluphekweni zomfula iNayile uphendukela egazini, emfundisweni yezigqila zama-Israyeli zokunikela ngemvu futhi isebenzise igazi layo emgodini wokungena njengesibonakaliso sokuba uGd udlule izindlu zabo ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa kokugcina - - ukubulawa kwamazibulo ama-Eqyptian - igazi liwuphawu oluphindaphindiwe.
Nokho, lesi sizathu esiyinhloko, ukuthi iwayini elibomvu lalingesona isiphuzo esifanelekayo seSeder. Phakathi nezikhathi zomlando lapho i-blood libels - izinsolo zamanga ezimbi zokuthi amaJuda asebenzisa igazi lamaKristu ukwenza i-matzo newayini-ayegcwele, iwayini elimhlophe lalibhekwa njengendlela ephephile etafuleni leholide.
Namuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukutholakala kokutholakala noma amandla okuzizwa, abantu abaningi bathela amawayini amnandi okwesabatha njengeManischewitz eSeder. Kodwa iwayini elimnandi, elinzima alidingeki. Ngokuvuselelwa kwanamuhla kwe-winemaking ye-kosher, kunokukhethwa okukhulu kwewayini eliphezulu, kokubili okubomvu nokumhlophe. Ukukhuluma nge- Halachically , uma ikhwalithi yewayini lakho elimhlophe liphakeme kunewayini elibomvu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-white for honor of the holiday.
Nakuba kunesidingo sokuphuza iwayini esikhundleni sejusi lamagilebhisi eSeder, kunezizathu eziningi ezilandelayo zama-halachically ukuthi omunye angase akhethe lokhu . Mhlawumbe isivakashi sinempilo engavumelekanga ukuthi ingenza ijusi kube yisinqumo esiphephile. Mhlawumbe kunomama olindelekile etafuleni ongakaze amemezele ukukhulelwa kwakhe, futhi ngubani ongafuni ukunaka isimo sakhe. Abantu abangahlali baphuze iwayini bangase bazizwe imiphumela emva kweglasi noma kabili bese bekhetha ukushintsha ijusi.
OKUPHAKATHI: Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-vanilla yangempela ephuma ePhasika ngoba ubhontshisi yi- kitniyot kanye / noma utshwala ekukhishwe yi-chametz.
Amabhontshisi we-vanilla awabhekwa njenge-kitniyot. Futhi eminyakeni yamuva, ukukhishwa kwe-vanilla ehlanzekile, okwenziwe ngotshwala engekho ku-chametz kufikile emakethe.