Iwayini laseBordeaux - Umhlahlandlela Wokuqala

I-Bordeaux, igama nje lihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zewayini elingajwayelekile. Njengedolobha lesine elikhulu kunawo wonke laseFrance, i-EOC enkulu kunazo zonke ezilawulwa yi-Wine (AOC) eFrance, ikhaya labakhiqizi abangaphezu kuka-10 000 kanye nomdwebi wezigameko ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-70 zewayini ngokuvuna, i-Bordeaux yiwayini elibomvu lamanje lamanje iMecca, elibheka abahambi eduze nasekude kakhulu, ukucabangela futhi ekugcineni imbibe ku-jewell, iwayini elibomvu lakwaBordeaux.

Akusho ukuthi iBordeaux ayijabuleli ukulandela okulandelayo kwiwayini elimhlophe noma iwayini elimnandi , kuphela ukuthi i-Bordeaux yakhiwe ngesisekelo sewayini elibomvu amakhulu eminyaka, ihlanganiswe ngokuyinhloko ebuhlotsheni bomlando nobuhlobo obuhle amaBrithani phezu kwe-claret ethanda kakhulu.

Lesi simo sezulu esidumile se-winemaking se-maritime, ukugubha amaphasela omhlaba, ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo yamagilebhisi, imikhuba ehloniphekile kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zohlelo zonke zihlangana ndawonye ohlelweni oluhlelekile lwe-trellising ukuze zenze i-winemaking wonder iBordeaux. Izwe elisekelwe "emabhange" - ibhange elingakwesokunxele noma ibhange elingakwesokudla, izimpande zomndeni ezisemthethweni kanye nomuzi ezibulalayo zalabo abasanda kufika, ezigcwala imithetho engakwazi ukuhlakulela iwayini engawawo wonke umugqa olawulayo, ukudala iwayini yekusasa okwamanje itafula ngewayini nsuku zonke, nsuku zonke, futhi wakha idumela lewayini eliphezulu, kodwa eveza ngaphezu 80% ijusi layo emhlabeni "ezingabizi" isigaba iwayini iphuzu $ 8-30 amanani, Bordeaux ugcwele umehluko futhi okungaphezu kokukwazi ukulondoloza izilingo eziningi zewayini kakhulu.

I-Bordeaux - Isimo sezulu kanye neLay of Land

Ezindaweni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeFrance, emakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka e-Atlantic, i-Bordeaux inenzuzo kakhulu emthonjeni wokudoba olwandle, futhi ijabulela imithombo yamanzi, ukushisa okunomusa kanye nobusika obuhle. I-Gulf Stream inethonya lokufudumala esifundeni, kodwa isimo sezulu sehlobo sezulu singase sibe yinkinga futhi singavumelani, senze izinkinga ezithakazelisayo uma kuziwa ekutholeni amagilebhisi ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele.

I-Bordeaux: Imigodi emihle ngokumelene nemigomo emikhulu

Isimo sezulu saseBordeaux siyisidlali esibucayi kulo nyaka wekhwalithi wevintage kanye nonyaka. Ngezicucu ezinkulu ezakhiwe emhlane wezithelo zomvini ezivuthiwe futhi ezihloswe ukuba ziphele iminyaka emide nezikhungwane ezinhle, zilondoloze izitsha zesiliva zokulungela ukuphuza ekuqaleni nokuthengisa ngamanani angabizi kakhulu. Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zihlale zifudumala, i-Bordeaux ingaba yindawo epholile yamagilebhisi abomvu, adinga ilanga eliningi ukuze afike ekuvuthweni okugcwele, namazinga aphezulu okushukela ne-tannin. Amagilebhisi avuthiwe akha amawayini amakhulu. Ngezicucu ezinhle , iwayini lihlangana ngokushelela kahle, ngokuncintisana okuncane nokuqina okukhulu. Lezi vini zingase zilungele ukuphuza ekukhululweni futhi zidinga iminyaka engaphansi kakhulu ukujabulela ngokugcwele, noma ngabe ufuna ukugcina iminyaka emi-3-5 yamavuno izothola. Izindwangu ezivela eminyakeni yamuva ezongena "esigabeni esihle" zibandakanya u-2006, 2007 no-2008. Izindwangu ezinkulu zakhiwa emiphongolweni. Banobuningi, ubukhulu kanye nobunzima obuningi obungazithokozisa kuphela ngobudala. Izindwangu zamuva zeBordeaux eziwela "esigabeni esihle" zihlanganisa 2005, 2009 no-2010.

Impi YeBhange - Ibhange Left Bordeaux vs. Bank Right

Imifula emithathu yenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ichaze iBordeaux, nomfula omkhulu, iGronde (ehlukaniswe njenge-estuary), ehlukanisa kahle isifunda zibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke nje ngokuthi ibhange lesobunxele nebhange elifanele.

Izwe eliphansi, elilele phansi eningizimu yeGironde libizwa ngokuthi ibhange elingakwesokunxele futhi lihlanganisa izifunda zeMedoc ne-Graves. Izwe elincane elisenyakatho ye-Gironde libhekwa njengebhange elilungile. I-Gironde igcina izintambo ezimbili, iGaronne neDordogne, noMfula iDordogne okhonza ukwandisa ibhange eliseningizimu-mpumalanga ngasemaphandleni ahloniphekile ePomerol naseSt. Emilion. Ngesikhathi, i-Garonne iqhubekela phambili eningizimu yedolobha elihle kakhulu laseBordeaux kanye neziqephu ezweni elizungezile izifunda ezibalulekile zaseGraves, ePessac-Leognan naseSauternes . Ngokuvamile, igrafu ilawula inhlabathi yebhange elingakwesobunxele, eligcina ukushisa kwelanga kahle, liboleka ekukhuliseni izindawo ze-thermophilic zeCabernet Sauvignon amagilebhisi angcono kakhulu. Inhlabathi yaseBordeaux ibhange elungile liqondana nomlotha nelanga, isebenza njenge siponji ukugcina amanzi, okwenza kube yindawo enhle ukukhula ohlangothini olungenalutho lokuvuthwa kokuqala kukaMerlot.

Nakuba iwayini lebhange elingakwesokudla lijwayele ukuthembela kakhulu kuMerlot naseCabernet Sauvignon ngokujwayelekile liqinisa ama-blend ebhange elingakwesokunxele, lokhu akuyona imithetho enzima futhi ephuthumayo, kokubili izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezijabulela amathuba okukhula ebhange elingezansi, kuye ngokuthi isivini subsoil, orientation, kanye jikelele terroir. Ubuhle bamawayini aseBordeaux buvela enhlanganisweni; empeleni, ukuhlanganiswa okuhlangene phakathi kweCabernet Sauvignon noMerlot, okusekelwe yiCabernet Franc, okuletha ibhalansi nobuhle obuye bafana newayini laseBordeaux amakhulu eminyaka.

Amaphethini okukhula okuhambisanayo kanye nobuntu bomunwe be-Merlot ne-Cabernet Sauvignon okunikezwayo ukuphathwa kokungena engozini. Kukhona ukuvikelwa kokwazi ukuthi iMerlot izovuthwa ngokushesha kunokukaChab. Uma isimo sesimo sezulu sisusa umvini owodwa, kusekhona ithemba ngomunye, ukugcina wonke amaqanda aphuma eqenjini elilodwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna akugcini nje ukuletha ukuthula kwengqondo kodwa futhi kuvumela amagilebhisi amabili ayingqayizivele ukuba ahlanganyele ekubambisaneni okuhlanganisiwe ukwakha iwayini kungcono ngempela ndawonye. UMerlot uletha izithelo eziningi zobomvu obomvu, ama-tannins ayisiliva, amazinga aphezulu okuphuza utshwala kanye nama-acidity aphansi. Ngenkathi iCabernet Sauvignon inzima phezu kwezithelo ezimnyama, ijabulela ama-tannins aqinile, isakhiwo esibalulekile kanye namazinga aphansi okuphuza utshwala kunama-Merlot. Lezi zici ezihambisanayo zisebenza ukusekela ukulingana kokuhlanganiswa, lapho umvini owodwa ungase ulahlekelwe khona okunye okugcwaliswayo, okuholela ekubeni umshado wewayini owakhiwe futhi ugxile ezinamandla ezihlukahlukene lapho usebenza ngokulandelana ukuxuba ubuthakathaka.

Amagilebhisi aseBordeaux

Ungalindeli ukuthola amagilebhisi emalebula amawayini aseBordeaux; uzothola amagama abakhiqizi, amadolobha ahlukahlukene, izikhalazo kanye nezinhlamvu ze-AOC, kodwa hhayi amagilebhisi. Kungani? Yilapho izithelo zomvini zitshalwe khona - i-terroir, isifunda, idolobha, i-chateau ngokwayo ebaluleke kakhulu eBordelais, hhayi izinhlobo zomvini. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuhamba ngemigodi yaseBordeaux yabathengi abasha beNew World, abavame ukuba ngaphezulu kwamagilebhisi, abazalelwa futhi bakhuliswa kule ilebula ebizwa ngokuthi "Merlot" noma "uChabernet Sauvignon." Khumbula igama lomdlalo yi-BLEND e-Bordeaux , kuhlanganiswa kwesimo sezulu, inhlabathi, umhlaba wonke kanye nokulawula amagilebhisi okwenza iwayini lase Bordeaux, hhayi ukuma yedwa, izinkanyezi ezihlukahlukene.

Amagilebhisi Aphuzi E-Red Bordeaux

Iwayini elibomvu laseBordeaux yizona zinxusa ezisezindaweni ezizwakalayo, zihlala i-legend futhi zishiya ifa kubo bonke abangenayo imbibe. Ekhishwe ngokubambisana okuphelele newundlu eliphakeme kakhulu lesifunda, inyama yenkomo, idada, umdlalo wesimo sasendle kanye noshizi lendawo, izigqoko zaseBordeaux kuzo zonke amazinga, zihlala ngokudla. I-Merlot iyinhlamvu ebomvu ebomvu ekhulile e-Bordeaux enesisindo esingama-60% emivini esitshaliwe, elandelwa yiCabernet Sauvignon ngo-26 % neChab Franc ngo-12%. I-Malbec ne-Petit Verdot nayo ingakhulelwa eBordeaux, kodwa iyalinywa ngamanani amancane kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa okuningi "ukuphumula" ukuhlanganiswa okubomvu kunokuba kwakhiwe umxube ngokwawo.

Merlot - Iwayini elibomvu lewayini elibomvu laseBordeaux linguMerlot. I-Merlot ephakeme kakhulu iyalinywa ebhange elifanele ne-limestone nobumba yizona zindawo ezivame kakhulu zomhlabathi. Lelivinini elivuthiwe lokuqala liletha inqwaba etafuleni elixuba. Izithelo ezibomvu ezimnandi emakhaleni kanye nezingxenye zesithelo ezithandwa yi-plum, cherry kanye ne-chocolate kanye ne-softer, ama-tanins aphethwe ngu-silk alethe uhlamvu oluzungezile kumawayini aphakathi nendawo asebenza ngokugcwele e-Merlot aseBrandeaux. Umzana ogxotshiwe waseSt. Emilion kanye nesifunda esincane sasePomerol yizifunda ezidumile kunazo zonke zeMellot-based mixes eBordeaux; ngenkathi, uFronsac uyaqhubeka engenye yezinto ezingabizi kakhulu, enikeza izinga eliphakeme, amawayini asebhange angakwesokudla.

I-Cabernet Sauvignon - Amagilebhisi abomvu aseBordeaux angu-26% ayi-Cabernet Sauvignon. I-Cab ibusa ebhange elingakwesokunxele futhi ivinini elivuthiwe lokuvuthwa, ne- tanins enamandla eyakha isakhiwo, ukujula, nokukhula kwesikhathi eside. Amawayini osebhange elingakwesokunxele anamathelwe yiCabernet Sauvignon futhi ahlangene namazinga ahlukene kaMerlot neChab Franc (futhi mhlawumbe i-scosh ye-Petit Verdot). Lawa mabhinki asebhange asele ajwayele ukujabulela umbala ojulile, ukuqina okuphawulekayo, umzimba ogcwele, ukwakheka okuningi nokuqina okuqhubekayo kanye nezingxenye ezifake izithelo. Amagama ahlonishwe ngamanye ama-best-based bl-based e-Bordeaux avela emadolobheni aseSt. Estephe, Pauillac, eSt. Julien naseMargaux. Ukuze uthole amawayini amaningi asebhange angakhona angabhekana namalebula nemizana yaseListra, uMoulis, neHaut-Medoc.

I-Cabernet Franc - Ikhula kahle ebhange elungile, kodwa itholakale kalula ebhange elingakwesokunxele. Lelivini liye ladlalela indima exhasayo eMerlot naseBabernet Sauvignon yaseBordeaux. I-Cab Franc inika ama-aromas aphuzi nama-accents we-peppery nama-nuances e-violet, kanye nokuphakama okungahle kwenzeke kanye nama-tanins amahle emifenjini yewayini elibomvu yesifunda.

I-Malbec ne- Petit Verdot - EBordeaux lawa amagilebhisi asetshalwe ezincane kakhulu, okwenza cishe u-2% wendawo yabomvu ebomvu yesifunda. Kodwa-ke, i-Malbec ne-Petit Verdot yombili ingasetshenziswa ku-Bordeaux ama-blends, noMalbec efaka isandla sokunciphisa kanye ne-Petit Verdot ehambisa amandla nesakhiwo esibi kakhulu.

Amagilebhisi AmaMhlophe aseBordeaux

Ingxenye yewayini elimhlophe yenza ama-11% emakethe yewayini ephelele ye-Bordeaux. I-Sauvignon Blanc, i-Semillon, i-Muscadelle yezimbali kanye no-Ugni Blanc yizona kuphela izinhlobo zevini ezivunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza kwi-AOC emhlophe ebhalwe ngeBordeaux. Ukuze uthole iwayini elimhlophe, elomile elimhlophe eligcwele i-asidi nesimiso esinobuhle, bheka amalebula ezemidlalo esifundeni sase-Entre-Deux-Mers. Uma umzimba omningi, iphrofayli enomdlandla omkhulu kanye nokuphakama okubunzima ukuchaza iwayini lakho elimhlophe elimhlophe, amalebuli wokuhlola ngesiphathi se-Pessac-Leognan noma ama-Graves.

Sauvignon Blanc - Umvini omhlophe wewayini, u-Sauvignon Blanc, ujabulela kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kweBordeaux. Kungenziwa ibe iwayini elimhlophe elomileyo eliqabulayo ezindaweni ezifana ne-Pessac-Leognan ukuthi lezi zibili zihambisana nama-oyster, i-shellfish, nezidlo zasolwandle zesifunda noma zingahle zihlanganiswe ne-Semillon ukuze zenze amawayini amnandi we-Sauternes noma i-Barsac, abalingani abambisana nabo kanye neFoie gras yesifunda neRoquefort. I-Sauvignon Blanc ayitholakali ngokwanele yobudala eyedwa, kodwa ejabulela ebusheni bayo izobonisa izithombo ezinomsoco noma ama-aromatics "anotshani" ane-asidi ekhanyayo nezithelo ezilinganisiwe kahle.

Semillon - Umvini we-Semillon yiwona ovuna kakhulu amagilebhisi omhlophe eBordeaux. Kungaboniswa yedwa noma ngokuhlanganiswa no- Sauvignon Blanc . Lelivini liletha ukunambitheka okugcwele, ukusika okunamakha, ukuqina komzimba nomzimba ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kuyingxenye yamagilebhisi oyinhloko asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama- Sauternes amnandi e-Bordeaux, ngenxa yokumangalisa okungafani nokubola, noma iBotrytis Cinerea . Ngokungafani no-Sauvignon Blanc, u-Semillon angahlala kahle ngokunikeza isivuno esihle futhi iwayini elicebile nelomile ezandleni zezifunda ezifana ne-Graves no-Pessac-Leognan.

Ukuthenga Bordeaux

Ukuthenga i-Bordeaux iwayini kungahle kube yinto esabekayo ye-newbies. Okokuqala, amalebuli ewayini aseFrance, ngokujwayelekile, ahlanzekile amagilebhisi futhi agxile kwi-geography. Amalebula agcizelela ukuhlukaniswa kwewayini, isifunda esivunyelwe amagilebhisi, isitatimende se-AOC, kanye nefa - okufana newayini leNew World, ngaphandle kokuthi abaningi abajwayele izifunda zikaBordeaux. Ingabe umuzi ulele ebhange elingakwesokunxele noma ibhange elingakwesokudla futhi kungani kubalulekile? Abaningi abazoba abathengi baseBordeaux abakwazi ukujwayelana neziqhingi zaseBordeaux ezingu-10 000 futhi abaqapheli uhlelo lwesigaba se- AOC esifundeni.

Ukuze uqale ukuthenga iwayini kusuka eBordeaux, khumbula ukuthi ibhange elungile lilawulwa, ngokujwayelekile, yi-Merlot nebhange elingakwesokunxele ngokuvamile liqinisekiswe yiCabernet Sauvignon. Ukufunda imizi eminingana yaseBordeaux ehlangothini ngalunye lomfula kwenza isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuqashelwa kwelebuli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthenga ama-intanethi ku-intanethi noma esitolo sewayini. Bese ukhumbula; Izinguquko ezivuthiwe zidlala isici esibalulekile ekuthengeni amawayini e-Bordeaux, hlola izindawo zokugcina eziningana zeBordeaux ukubona ukuthi zihamba kuphi "okuhle" ngokumelene nesilinganiso "esihle", ama-vintages amahle kakhulu ashibhile kunemigodi emikhulu. Akumangazi futhi ukuthi igama elikhulu le-chateaus lizoyala amanani aphezulu kakhulu ewayini, kepha ungathola ama-red blends aqinile emanani athengiswayo avela kuma-chateaus aphansi kakhulu eBordeaux. Funda kabanzi mayelana namathiphu aphezulu ekuthengeni i-Bordeaux iwayini lapha.

Nakuba amawayini amahle kakhulu avela eBordeaux, lawo aphinde akha futhi adondoloze idumela elihloniphekile lesifunda libiza kakhulu, ngokuvamile lifaka imali ku-$ 1000 + ibhodlela le-First Growths, alisho iningi lamawayini aseBordeaux. Empeleni, iningi lamawayini aseBordeaux angabizi, amawayini anokudla. Ukuthanda noma ukuzonda, ukuphuza noma cha, Bordeaux uye wabusa izwe iwayini iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu futhi kubonakala sengathi uzoqhubeka ukuqhuba isiko, ithonya umkhuba abathengi futhi prep ikusasa lemivini iminyaka ezayo.