Ngesikhathi iwayini laseBordeaux libeka imithetho nemithethonqubo kungase kubonakale njengobungozi obusabekayo bemikhawulo eqondile kanye nokubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo, akudingeki ukuba ube isazi sokuhlukanisa i-AOC ukwazi futhi ujabulele iwayini elidumile lewayini. Yize uyazi ngokwengeziwe ukuthi iwayini lihlelwe kanjani, kungcono amathuba akho okuthola amawayini afanelana nesitayela sakho kanye nezintandokazi ze-palate, kanye nezidingo zesabelomali ngabanye.
Imithetho Yewayini YeBordeaux
Ngokuvamile, imithetho yewayini yesifunda saseBordeaux ichaza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemagilebhisi ezingakhula lapho futhi kanjani (akukho ukuchelela, wonke amawayini e-AOC asomile) nokuthi yiziphi amazinga otshwala angenziwa (i-14% yiyona max). Uma umuntu engafuni ukudlala ngemithetho yewayini ekhethiwe, abakwazi ukujabulela konke okusemqoka kanye namalungelo afana namalebula e-AOC futhi kufanele ahanjiswe esimweni esilula se "iwayini letafula."
I-Chardonnay , isibonelo, ngenkathi eyaziwa, ikhulile futhi ihlonishwa eBourgundy ayivunyelwe ezindaweni zase-Bord zeaux ze-AOC. Uma othile enesifiso esikhethekile sevini likaChardonnay futhi efisa ukulingana nayo eBordeaux, nganoma iyiphi indlela. Noma kunjalo, lizofanelekela kuphela "amagama etafuleni" etafuleni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhwalithi, ukuvumelana, noma ezinye izinkomba. Uma kukhona induduzo, iFrance nayo iqinisa imithetho ye-AOC kumazambane, ibhotela, noshizi, ngakho akuyona nje iwayini okufanele lihlupheke ngokunamathela ngokuqinile ekuhlukanisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izigaba zewayini zeBordeaux: Amagilebhisi nendawo
Iwayini laseBordeaux alibhalwa futhi lidayiswa yi-varietal kodwa yi-terroir. EBordelais ukwazi ukuthi izithelo zomvini zikhulile kubaluleke kakhulu kunokukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izithelo zomvini ezikhulile. Icala ngephutha, imigomo ethi "ibhange elingakwesokunxele" nelithi "ibhange elungile" lisetshenziswe ngokukhululekile ukubhekisela ngakolunye uhlangothi lomfula, iGronde, kanye ne-Garonne neDordogne, amagilebhisi asetshalwe.
Njengoba uMerlot engumvini obomvu kakhulu osetshenziswe eBordeaux, elandelwa yiCabernet Sauvignon futhi ehlanganiswe neCabernet Franc, amadolobhana akhula amagilebhisi asebhange elingakwesokudla aye enza iwayini ngokubambisana noMerlot. Lezi vini zasebhange ezifanele zijabulela ukwesekwa okuningi okuvela eChab Franc, kanti ezinye zeCabernet Sauvignon nazo zenza izindlela ezithile. Indaba ebhange elingakwesokunxele idlala ithoni ehlukile. Iwayini laseBordeaux elivaliwe kusukela ebhange elingakwesokunxele lithathwa inkanyezi iKabernet Sauvignon ekuqalisweni kokuqala ne-Merlot neChab Franc ejikeleza ucingo lwesibili.
Ngenkathi bekuzoba mnandi futhi kulula ukufaka ibhange elungile njenge "Merlot" nebhange elingakwesokunxele njenge "Cab," i-Bordeaux ihlale iyingxube kanye nokuphumula okumnandi kumabhange omabili. Ukwengeza kokusatshiswa, iwayini laseBordeaux libhekene nesistimu yokuhlukanisa izinkinga. Ekucaleni okuhloswe ukucacisa iBordeaux engcono kakhulu ye-1855 International Exposition eParis, uNapoleon III yacela abadayisi ukuthi bakhethe amawayini aphezulu aseMedoc ukuze aboniswe kahle. Lezi vinini zahlukaniswa ngekhwalithi namanani avela kuma-chateaus angama- 61 (ama-60 ukusuka eMedoc, naseChateau Haut-Brion esuka eGraves) futhi namuhla ukuhlukaniswa okwamanje kusekhona, kodwa kunamanye amaningana amasistimu okuhlukaniswa kwesifundazwe.
Ukuhamba ngesistimu yokuhlukanisa iwayini yaseBordeaux
Idumela elidumile lewayini likaBordeaux lithatha izimpande ezijulile nge-Classification ka-1855 futhi liye lafinyelela phambili ukuze lijabulele i-modern-day elandelayo elandelwayo ngokusekelwe emikhakheni ye-winemaking eguquke ngezikhathi kanye ne-terroir eye yazama ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi. Isiqu sikaBordeaux sakhiwe ngamagama adumile kaMargaux, Latour, Lafite-Rothschild, Haut-Brion, naseMouton-Rothschild, lawa mawayini aphezulu, aphuza kakhulu okuthiwa yi-First Growths agcine i-dollar ephezulu, iphrofayli elandela amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa-ke, lezi zikhula zokuqala zimelela ingxenye encane yewayini ekhishwe futhi ejabulela eBrandeaux. Nakuba i-First Growths ehloniphekile idayisa ngo-$ 1000 + ibanga lebhodlela ngalinye, iningi leminikelo yewayini yaseBordeaux idayiswa kakhulu, ku-$ 10-30, ngezinketho ezingabizi ezitholakalayo emhlabeni wonke.
Leziwayini ezingabizi kakhulu zaseBordeaux zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-petit chateau".
Ukuqokwa kuka-1855
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubonisa izindawo ezingu-61 ezisezingeni eliphezulu eMedoc (ebhange lasebunxele) esifundeni saseBordeaux futhi kuthiwa yi-Grand Cru Classé. Ukuhlukaniswa kuka-1855 kuqala nge-First Growths, ebizwa ngokuthi "uNdunankulu Cru," futhi imelela i-crème de la crème emavinini abomvu aseFrance. Ama-chateaus amahlanu awenza uNdunankulu Cru, namanje ahlonishwa njengabakhiqizi bezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ezivela eBordeaux, njengoba zihlukaniswe ngo-1855 eParis Universal Exhibition. Kukhona amahlanu okuQala okuQalako begodu afaka izakhiwo zeChateau Margaux, iChateau Latour, iChateau Lafite-Rothschild, iChateau Haut-Brion kanye ne-Chateau Mouton-Rothschild.
Ukuqokwa kweMedoc ka-1855 kwakuhlanganisa izikhundla eziphezulu eziyisihlanu zokuqala zokuqala (Premier Cru), ezilandelayo iziqephu ezingu-14 ezilandelayo ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Second Growths (Deuxiemes Crus), ezilandelwa yi-Third Growths (Troisiemes Crus) kanye namanye ama-chateaus angu-14 anesisindo, I-Fourth Growths (Quatriemes Crus) ephethe ama-chateaus angu-10 futhi ekugcineni i-Fifth Growths (Cinquemes Crus) enezindawo ezingu-18 ezenza ukusika. I-Medoc AOCs yasePauillac, iMargaux, iPessac-Leognan, iSt. Julien, iSt. Estephe neHaut-Medoc yonke imelwe yi-Grand Cru Classé chateaus.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Graves
Loluhlelo lokuhlukanisa iwayini lwaqala ngo-1953, lubuyekezwa ngo-1959, futhi lubonakalisa ama-chateaus angu-16 ngezinhla zabo ezihlonishwayo namawayini amhlophe.
I-Saint-Emilion Classification
Isigaba Sakwa-Saint-Emilion sihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili ze-AOC, enye ye-Saint-Emilion kanye nelinye leSaint-Emilion Grand Cru (eliye lahlukaniswa ngaphezulu ku-Grand Cru Classe noNdunankulu Grand Cru Classé). Lezi zigaba zaqala ngawo-1950 kanti ama-chateaus abuyekezwa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Cru Bourgeois
Ngenkathi izinhlelo ze-Wine classification ze-Bordeaux zingase zibe nzima kakhulu ekuboneni kuqala, ziqala ukujula ngendlela efana ne-Sanity Bourgeois Classification, ukuhlukaniswa komuntu oyedwa.
Lesi sigaba sithatha ama-reds amaningi e-Left Bank angakwenzi ku-1855 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Grand Cru Classés, ukugqamisa izindawo eziphethe irekhodi eliqinile lomkhiqizo wokukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi.
Izimpawu ezicacile zaseBordeaux
Lawa angama-rebels angama-Bordeaux angenalutho avela ku-appellation ethize. Kulebuli, uzobona iziphakamiso zibizwa ngokuthi "i-Medoc," "amaCotes de Blaye" noma "ama-Fronsac." Lezi vinini ngokuvamile zibheja okuhle kweBordeaux eqinile, eqinekayo.
Amawayini Akhethwe ngokuthi "Bordeaux" no "Bordeaux Supérieur"
I-Bordeaux neBordeaux Superior yiwayini elijwayelekile laseBordeaux futhi lihlanganisa ama-50% wewayini kusukela esifundeni. Lezi vini zingase zithole amagilebhisi avela kulo lonke isifunda futhi ngokuvamile zithengise isigaba sewayini, kanti iBordeaux Superior ithengwe ngentengo ekupheleni okuphezulu ngenxa yamagilebhisi asuka emvinini amadala, avuthiwe ngaphezulu. Ithebula elikhethiwe lizofunda nje, "Ukubizwa kweBordeaux Controlee." Mhlawumbe isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu yi-Mouton Cadet, i-Bordeaux ephuza kakhulu kakhulu edayisa cishe u-$ 8 ibhodlela.
Isifunda sasePomerol
Njengomoya wokuphefumula, isifunda saseBordeaux sePomerol sigweme inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlelwa. Amalebula wewayini ayovele aveze "I-Appellation Pomerol Controlée." I-Merlot isebenza njenge-varietal eyinhloko yesithelo sevini, iveza iwayini ngama-tanins amancane, izithelo ezingaphezulu phambili futhi zilungele ukujabulela ngaphambi kwezingane zabo zikaCab. I-Pomerol yiyona ndawo encane yewayini ehamba phambili yewayini, ephethe amabhodlela angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5. Umhlali odumile kakhulu wePomerol nguChateau Petrus, umenzi omdabu wewayini elilodwa elibi kakhulu elibomvu leBreeaux.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwi-Classification Wine Wine
Ngenkathi ukuhamba kwe-Bordeaux uhlelo lokuhlukanisa iwayini akuyona inhliziyo ephazamisekile, ukuthola ukuqonda okuyisisekelo ukuthi i-Bordelais ihlunga kanjani ngewayini kwi-turf yayo ingasiza ukusetha imingcele yokuthenga kanye nokuthengwa kwentando. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlwanyela ukukhula kumelela kuphela emaphesenti angu-3 emakethe yewayini yaseBordeaux, ephethe isithombe seBordeaux ngezindlela ezinamandla, kodwa hhayi ukumelelwa kweqiniso kwetafula elihlwabusayo, etafuleni lewayini laseBordeaux iBrotheais ngokwabo edla nsuku zonke. Ukuhlukaniswa kwewayini kungomunye uhlangothi lwe-puzzle, akuzona umsebenzi obalulekile ekuzileni nasekujabuleleni amawayini e-Bordeaux .