Iwayini elivela eBurgundy eFrance

I-Burgundy iwayini isakhiwe ngamagilebhisi amabili, uChardonnay noPinot Noir, ngezindawo eziviniwe ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni kwewayini nokukhuluma. Isifunda sewayini esibhekwa kakhulu saseBurgundy ("iBourgogne" emabhaleni aseFrance nasebhodleleni, okuthiwa " Bor-gun-yuh ") yamukele ama-oenophiles amakhulu eminyaka. Indawo ehlala eduze kweSaone River engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance, iBurgundy ihamba ngamamitha angaba ngu-100 ukusuka phezulu (eduze kwedolobha laseDijon) kuya phansi (nje enyakatho yeLyon), okhiqiza amabhodlela angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-193 ngonyaka kusukela kumahektare angama-68,000 ngaphansi umvini esihlabathini esidumile se-chalky, esinezimbiwa.

Naphezu kwezikhathi zezulu ezingalindelekile, izinombolo ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza kanye nokutholakala okulinganiselwe emhlabeni wonke, iBurgundy iveza cishe okulandelayo.

I-Burgundy yile ndawo. Njengezindawo eziningi zewayini zesiFulentshi , igama legama lithatha i-label kuqala kunegama lamagilebhisi. Amagama ezinkombazo, amakomidi kanye nezizinda (izitsha zewayini) zilawula ilebula lewayini laseBourgogne , ngokungabi nalutho olulodwa lwezithelo zamagilebhisi akhiphe ngaphakathi. Ngenkathi umlimi, umthengisi, kanye namagama okuhlala emabhaleni ebhodlela kungadideka kulabo abakhulumi isiFulentshi, khumbula ukuthi iBurgundy yakhiwe ngamagilebhisi amabili: Chardonnay noPinot Noir .

I-Burgundy Wine Ngenombolo:

Ukukhiqizwa kwewayini kweBurgundy kuphuphuka ku-61% iwayini elimhlophe, i-30% ebomvu, ne-8% i-Cremant de Bourgogne (iwayini elimnandi elivuthayo elenziwe ngendlela efanayo ne- Champagne ). Umthetho we-French AOC ubeka ukuthi wonke umhlophe waseBurgundy (aka "Bourgogne Blanc") kufanele wenziwe kusukela kumvini weChardonnay futhi ngokufanayo konke uBurgundy obomvu (aka "Bourgogne Rouge") kwenziwa emvinini wasePinot Noir.

Izinhlobo ezincane zamagilebhisi zengeza kancane izimpande olwandle lwaseChardonnay (zibiza 46% zemivini yaseBurgundy) kanye nePinot Noir (ukugwedla ama-36% esivinini sevini). Lawa amagilebhisi asekela ahlanganisa i-Aligote (iwayini eliyisibili elivotelwe iwayini elimhlophe laseBurgundy ngamaphesenti ayisithupha), iGamay (umvini omnyama omaka u-11% wemivini yesifunda) kanye nokubalwa kwe-Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc kanye nePinot Beurot okungaphansi kuka-1%.

Izifunda zewayini zeBourgundy:

Nakuba i-Burgundy ingaba yincane kakhulu ngobukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nomakhelwane wayo ogujwa ngokulinganayo, i-Bordeaux, ithonya lesifunda, umthelela, nokubaluleka okuphelele kwi-international stage isigaba. I-Burgundy ingenziwa ibiliswe ezindaweni eziyisihlanu ezikhulayo ezikhulayo noma izifunda ezizokwazi: i-Chablis, iCôte Chalonnaise, iMâconnais, iCôte de Nuits neCôte de Beaune. Lezi zifunda ezimbili zokugcina, iCôte de Nuits neCôte de Beaune, zihlanganiselwe ndawonye njengeCôte d'Or edumile, okusho ukuthi "intaba yegolide" yokuwa kwamahlamvu, futhi imelela isifunda sewayini esaziwa kakhulu eBurgundy. Iwayini leBurgundy ligcina idumela elihlaba umxhwele ngokunikeza izwi elizwakalayo kwi-terroir ehlukile yesifundazwe. Ezinhle, ezicashile, eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziqhutshwa emhlabeni, futhi zigcwele i-finesse, iwayini laseBurgundy lihlale ligcina ipharadini elihloniphekile futhi lihlonishwa ngendlela ehlonishwayo yeClassicdayay nePinot Noir emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Chablis : Iningi elidume kakhulu nge-Chardonnay, eyaziwa ngamaminerali aphethwe ngamaminerali, e-Bone-dry, esifundeni saseBurgundy esenyakatho kakhulu seCablis yi-capital city capital, ehlakulela izivini zikaChardonnay ezinhlobonhlobo zenhlabathi ezicebile. Iwayini ngokwazo livame ukubhekwa ngokuthi "Chablis" emhlabeni wonke noma endaweni ethi "Beaunois" igama lesiBurgundian likaChardonnay.

Izivini zeCarlis 'Grand Cru zibuthana emagqumeni angasobunxele obumnyama oMfula iSerein, kuyilapho izivini zikaNdunankulu zivame ukubuthana emithambekeni enamathela eningizimu futhi zitholakala emhlabathini owaziwayo omhlophe, odilikayo, onogwaja obomvu obumhlophe obumhlophe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwewayini likaChablis kubonisa bonke abaseBurgundy mayelana nokubizwa kukaGrand Cru, uNdunankulu Cru, kanye noMadolobhana (Chablis) noPetit Chablis okungezelelwe ekuxukeni kwelebuli njengewayini elibiza kahle, elingena ezingeni eliphezulu.

I-Côte Chalonnaise : Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pinot Noir eqinile, ehamba phambili ebizwa nge-Pinot Noir, enamandla, kodwa enokulinganisela i-Burgundy newayini elivuthayo lesifunda, i-Cremant de Bourgogne, i-Côte Chalonnaise igibele phakathi kweBurgundy eceleni kwe-Saone River. Bheka amagama omzana kaMercurey noGivry kumalebula nabakhiqizi njenge-Domaine Jabot, uLouis Latour noFaively.

UMâconnais : Ohlonishwa kahle ngokunikeza ezinye zezindawo ezihamba kahle kakhulu eChardonnay, uMâconnais ulele engxenyeni eseningizimu yeBurgundy. I-Pouilly-Fuissé yi-appellation eyaziwa kakhulu eMâconnais, enikeza iwayini elimhlophe elinamafutha amaningi apula ne-peach, amanye ama-nuances asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye namanothi e-citrus kanye ne-acidity emisha, enamandla.

I-Côte de Nuits : Ihlala eningizimu yeDijon futhi ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha laseNorits-Saint-Georges, iCôte de Nuits ikhiqiza i-world class, i-Pinot Noir enezithonjana eziphethe izivini ezingaphezu kuka-20 ze-Grand Cru. Igama elikhulu izivini zase-Romanée-Conti, Chambertin, naseMusigny, ukuze kubonakale abambalwa, konke kutholakala eCôte de Nuits. I-top of the Burgundian Pinot Noir line itholakele lapha, ngamawayini afaneleka ukuguga amashumi eminyaka kanye namanani athatha amadijithi amane namahlanu we-crème de la crème.

I-Côte de Beaune : eNingizimu yeCôte de Nuits futhi yakha ingxenye eyodwa yeCôte d'Or, iCôte de Beaune ijabulela ukuhlukaniswa kwama-70/30 ama-whites. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile iwayini elimhlophe (futhi livela kumagilebhisi aseChardonnay) abenza uphawu lwabo ngamagciwane aphelele aromas, kanye nama-undertones anemifino egcwele umhlaba ogqoke umdwebo ovuthiwe kanye nohlamvu lwe-apula. Iwayini elivela eCôte de Beaune linikeza izinga elibalulekile ngaphandle kokuqeda isabelomali. Qaphela amawayini avela eChassagne-Montrachet, eMeursault, ePommard, Volnay nasePuligny-Montrachet (wonke amagama omzana).

Izigaba zewayini zeBourgundy:

Uma kuziwa ekugudlukeni phakathi kwe-tier emavinini aphezulu aseBurgundian, uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda oluyinkimbinkimbi luzoqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokuyinhloko kunezinhlelo ezine zezinga eliphakeme lezinga eliphezulu ngokusekelwe kweziphakamiso ezisebenza kuzo zonke iwayini le-AOC Burgundy: Izibizo zesiFunda, Izibizo zendawo, Izicelo zeNdunankulu kanye nezicelo ze-Grand Cru.

Indawo, indawo, indawo - idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi iwayini le-Burgundy liwela nini esikalini. Igama elithi "Climat" (elibizwa ngokuthi "Clee-ma") liyigama leBurgundian elibiza indima enkulu kakhulu ukuthi i-geography idlala endaweni yewayini yaseBurgundy.

I-Climat yindawo ehlongozwe kahle enehlabathi enembile kakhulu, emathafeni, nezimo ezincane zezulu. A Climat ingaba isivini sonke noma nje ingxenye eyodwa.

Izivini eziphakeme, eziviniwe ezihlonishwayo noma Isimo sezulu kuleso simo ku-Grand Cru naseNdunankulu Cru. Amadolobha aseMzaneni athatha amagama omzana (ie Beaune, Chablis, Corton, Gevrey-Chambertin) ukuthi izivini zizungezile. Kuhle nsuku zonke, iwayini lokungena ezingeni elibizwa ngegama elithi "Bourgogne" lingase lisetshenziswe ezivini noma kuphi esifundeni sonke saseBurgundy. Ngokusho nje, ngcono isivini, ngcono iwayini kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwesigaba (kanye nentengo).

Amawayini Esifundazwe - Njengokuzwakalayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwewayini wesifunda kubumba isisekelo sePiramidi yaseBurgundy, emele cishe amaphesenti angu-50 emavinini omhlaba wonke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni ethile phakathi kwewayini lesifunda kanye newayini lamadolobhana, kukhona uhlobo lwe-"catch-all" yesigaba esichazwe kabanzi kunesifunda saseBurgundy, kodwa akuzona zonke ezitholakala emzaneni owodwa. Ngokuyinhloko, lapho izifunda ezimbalwa ezikhudlwana zesifunda ziboshwe ndawonye ngenxa yekhwalithi efanayo abazobizwa ngokuthi yiyo. I-Côte de Beaune-Villages yisinye isibonelo esivamile, esibonisa ukuthi iwayini lenziwa ngamagilebhisi avela emzaneni owodwa noma ngaphezulu esifundeni saseCôte de Beaune.

Izikhalazo zaseMzaneni - Ukulinganisa nge-38% ye-winegundy yokukhiqizwa kwewayini, lawa mawayini anezimpawu ezithile zamadolobhana namadolobhana emabhaleni (ie, uPommard, Meursault, Mercury, Pouilly-Fuisse), okubonisa ukuthi amagilebhisi akhule endaweni ethile yezithelo indawo futhi ayitholakali kuyo yonke iBurgundy. Iphunga lingumuthi wendawo ongayibona ebhokisini lebhodlela, uxoxisana ukuthi wonke amagilebhisi avuliwe emzaneni wasePommard esifundeni saseBurgundian eCôte de Beaune.

UNdunankulu Cru - Ukukhuphuka izinga lokuhlukanisa emazingeni angaphezulu ama-echelons angaphezulu amawayini angcono kakhulu eBurgundy nge-10% ekukhiqizeni yigama lika-Premier Cru. Okusho ukuthi "Ukukhula Okuqala," uNdunankulu Cru usho iwayini elikhulile ezincane, izivini ezichazwe futhi ezihloniphekile ezihlonishwayo ze-AOC ukuze zibone indawo ehloniphekile ebizwa ngokuthi "Climat" eBurgundy. Amalebula avame ukuthwala i-shorthand ethi "i-1er Cru" isifinyezo sikaNdunankulu Cru. Lezi vini ziphelele uma sekuyisikhathi sokubukeka, zivame ukuqala ebangeni elingama-$ 60 ekupheleni okuphansi futhi zisebenze kahle ku-$ 100 + yamanani entengo ngokushesha ngokushesha.

I-Grand Cru - Ebonisa ukuthi i-1% yase-Burgundy iwayini elihle kunazo zonke, kanti izivini ezingaphezu kuka-30 zibeka i-Grand Cru eCôte d'Or, iwayini le-Grand Cru liyala abantu emhlabeni jikelele. I-Grand Cru edumile kunazo zonke eBurgundy ngokungangabazeki i-Domaine de la Romanée-Conti engakwazi ukucela kalula $ 5,000- $ 12,000 ibhodlela ngayinye kumasayithi okudayiswa.

Umlando wewayini we-Burgundy:

Ngobufakazi bemivini etshalwe amaCelts ngaphambi kuka-200 BC namasosha aseRoma ekhula amagilebhisi aqala ngekhulu lokuqala, iBurgundy yaqashelwa ekuqaleni njengendawo yokuqala yezindlu zokuvuna amagilebhisi. Nokho, njengezindawo eziningi zewayini zaseYurophu ezihlukumezayo, kwakuyizindela zamadolobha aseMedieval ezifanelwe isikweletu esiyinhloko ngokuhlakulela izivini zezifunda zasifundazweni phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi. Ukuhlola ngamagilebhisi kanye nezindawo zomhlaba, futhi ngokushesha ukuqaphela ithonya lika-Burgundy, kanye nebutho elibusayo le-terroir yesifunda, amantombazane aseBenedictine naseCistercian akwazi ukukhomba nokuchaza izindawo ezivame kakhulu zezivini zesifunda. Lezivini ezihloniphekile zazihloswe ukuba zibe ezinye zezimpahla zomhlaba ezivuthiwe kakhulu zewayini. Ngenkathi ehlonipha amasiko namasiko e-viticultural, imizamo ehlangene yabamonisi baseBenedictine neCistercian yabe isetshenziselwa ukubeka iwayini le-vinini yanamuhla.

Kwakungakaze kube yiSvolution YesiFulentshi ukuthi ubunikazi bezivini zaseBurgundy badluliselwa esontweni nasemibuthanweni ehloniphekile kubantu ngabanye emabhuloki ahlukene. Izivini zesifunda zaphinde zahlukana lapho i-Napolean yahlunga futhi yahlanza izivini ngokumisa ukuthi yonke indawo ezuzwe njengefa kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezindlalifa. Kuze kube namuhla akuyona into engavamile ukuthola isivini esingama-acre angu-120 esinabalimi abangu-80, kanye nemigqa eminingana yemivini ngaphansi kobunini bomlimi oyedwa. Le nqubo ehlukanisiwe yenze indima yomthengisi (indlu ehlangene ethenga iwayini lesifunda ngokujwayelekile ngomgqomo ukuze ihlanganiswe namanye amawayini avela esifundeni esifanayo noma ekufakeni amagama) okubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuthenga i-Bargain Wine ye-Burgundy

Khumbula ukuthi awutholi "i-Chardonnay" kulebula lebhodlela lewayini laseBurgundy, ngakho-ke ufuna izindawo ezithile zokukhiqiza i-Chardonnay, idolobha, noma izizinda (aka "domains") amagama ebhodleleni. I-Chablis, i-Pouilly-Fuisse, i-Montrachet, i-Macon-Villages, ne-Meursault yizinqola eziphezulu zewayini elimhlophe ezitholakala endaweni yaseBurgundy. Ngokufanayo ukuhlola amagama emadolobhana ase-Aloxe-Corton, eNoits-Saint-Georges, ePommard, Vougeot, Mercury, Vosne-Romanee, ebhokisini lebhodlela ukukukhomba endleleni efanele iPinot Noir. Amawayini esiFundazwe kanye ne "Bourgogne" ehlanganisa yonke indawo ebizwa ngelebula izoba elula esikhwameni, okulandelayo yiwayini lewayini elivame ukwandisa ikhwalithi kanye nomlingiswa wesikweletu esincane nje. I-Premier Cru ne-Grand Cru iwayini ezivela ezindaweni ezithile eziviniwe zendawo eziyaziwa ngekhwalithi (nokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe) cela okuningi kubathengi ngokwezimali kodwa uthembisa ukuletha injabulo ebhodini ngokubuyisela.

I-Value Value Burgundy Abakhiqizi Bokuzama : UBourdrd Aine & Fils, Domaine Christian Moreau Pere & Fils, Domaine Faiveley, JJ Vincent, Joseph Drouhin, Louis Jadot, Louis Latour, Olivier Leflaive