Ukwazi Iwayini LaseFrance

I-France, umkhumbi womama oyinhloko yezinto zonke iwayini, okuyiyona nhliziyo yephefumulelwe iwayini emhlabeni, futhi into enhle kakhulu nxazonke uma kuziwa ekulawuleni izivini, izinkolelo ze-vineemaking, nokusebenza njengezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezinkambisweni zanamuhla zokubambisana ukudla kwendawo newayini lendawo. Eqinisweni, iFrance ingahle ihlukaniswe ezindaweni eziyi-8 ezinkulu zokukhiqiza iwayini: iBordeaux, iBurgundy, iLoire Valley, iRhone Valley, iChampagne, i-Alsace, iProvence, neNingizimu yaseFrance.

Indlela umuntu akhetha ngayo ukubhekana nalokho okushiwo yizingqwembe zewayini zesifunda kuncike kokubili kwesabelomali kanye nokhetho lwelungu. Ngokuthola ulwazi olusebenzayo lwamagilebhisi ayisihluthulelo futhi ekugcineni iwayini elihlangene esifundeni saseFrance, i-oenophiles ehlumayo ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa iphazili lesivinini elaqala emakhulwini eminyaka adlule lapho amasosha amaRoma namademoni asekugcineni eqala izakhiwo ezingcwele zezingosi.

Esikhathini ngasinye kulezi zifundazwe ezibalulekile, amagilebhisi akhethiwe eminyakeni edlule ukuze amakhono abo angakwazi ukukhula emhlabathini. Amagilebhisi adinga ukushisa kwelanga nezinkathi ezishisayo zokuvuthwa ngokugcwele ekutholeni ukuhamba ngezinyawo emanzini afanayo emanzini aseBordeaux noma emazweni aseMedithera aseProvence naseningizimu, izifunda zaseFrance ezihlanganisa isiLouedoc . Ngokufanayo, amagilebhisi angaphuma phambili anikezwe amazulu apholile, i-acidity ethembisayo kanye ne-palate ephahlazayo izomisa izimpande ezindaweni ezipholile ezikhulayo zase-Continental zase- Champagne , eBurgundy, nase-Alsace nangaphezulu.

Amagama Endaweni Ngegama Lamagilebhisi

Ngokuvamile, iwayini laseFrance linikeza isisindo esingaphezulu endaweni izithelo zomvini ezitshaliwe, kunezithelo zomvini ngokwazo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abathengi bavame ukuthola amagama, futhi hhayi amagama omvini ebhodleleni elinikeziwe lewayini laseFrance. Lezi zindawo zingase zibe amagama amakhulu, asezindaweni ezijwayele ukujwayela, njenge "Bourgogne" (aka "Burgundy"), noma idolobhana elincinci kanye namagama asuselwa ku-appellation njenge-Nuits eSt.

Georges. Kodwa-ke, abathengi abaningi baseMelika basesithakazelo esikhulu sokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izithelo zomvini ezitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zewayini zaseFrance. Ukuze sikwazi lokho, sizozama.

Bordeaux - Umfula Ugijima Ngayo

Njengengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yewayini eFrance, iBordeaux inikeza ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kokubili izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezikhulile kanye nezitayela zewayini ezikhiqizwayo. Iwayini laseFrance lingasheshe libe yinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke sizoqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo. Iwayini elibomvu eliyinhloko laseBordeaux lakhiwe ngezihlanganisi ezintathu zomvini wezinhlamvu: iCabernet Sauvignon , i- Merlot ne-Cabernet Franc. Amawayini omhlophe wesifunda ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi uSavignon Blanc no-Semillon, ngoba kokubili i-dessert eyomile neyodumile ijabule nge- Sauternes .

O, futhi umfula ugijima eBordeaux, ubizwa ngokuthi i-Gironde ephoqa eDordogne naseGaronne Rivers. Imifula ibalulekile, kepha njengoba ivela emabhange amanzi asithwala kakhulu. Yimabhange omfula, okubizwa ngokuthi "iBhange Lobunxele" (entshonalanga ye-Gironde) ne "Right Bank" (empumalanga ye-Gironde) ethwala izihluthulelo zokuqonda okuningi ngeBordeaux.

Amawayini e-Right Right ajwayele ukuxhuma kakhulu kuMerlot ngezinhlanganisela zokugcina, ngenkathi iwayini laseLeft Bank livame ukuthwala iKabernet Sauvignon ngaphezulu ebhodleleni.

I-geography idlala isici esibalulekile ekuthengeni i-Bordeaux, ifuna i-Right Bank, amabhodlela a-Merlot-friendly? Bese wazi amagama emadolobhana aseBhange Elifanele. Amadolobhana anjengeSt. Emilion, Pomerol, Fronsac, futhi amalebula amaningi "Cotes de Bordeaux" atshalwe kwiBhange Elifanele.

Iwayini Lokungcebeleka Lewayini - Ukuya eChabernet Sauvignon? Khona-ke, wazi izindawo ezimbalwa ezizovela emabhaleni ebhodlela ukusuka eBhange Lokhohlo. Amadolobha afana neMedoc, Saint Estephe, Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Haut-Medoc, kanye noMargaux odumile. Izifunda ezimbili eziseBordeaux ezisekelwe ezibaluleke kakhulu kokubili amanani amanani entengo futhi ziphoqelele i-Merlot neChab mix engu-50/50 yizingcwaba kanye nePessac-Leognan.

I-Burgundy - Ithimba Lamagilebhisi Amabili

Uma Bordeaux engowenkosi yewayini laseFrance, uBenundy uyindlovukazi. Amafomu wefomu, imfashini nedumela, lesi sifundazwe esidumile sewayini singaphonsa izinhlelo ezithile eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlamvu ezimbi ezinobhodlela, kodwa khumbula ukuthi uBourgundy ugibele ngemuva kwamagilebhisi amabili ayisihluthulelo kuphela.

Ukuyigcina kalula - i-Pinot Noir (aka "i-Red Burgundy") ne-Chardonnay (aka "i-White Burgundy"), ibonisa isibili sesivini esivuthayo esakha okungcono kakhulu kwe-Burgundy. Ngeshwa, lokho kuvame ukuphi lapho kulula khona ukuphela kweBurgundy.

Ukwenza kube nzima - Lesi sifundazwe esincane, kodwa esihlonishwayo esingamamitha ayi-100 singasakazwa ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwahlukaniswa (iwayini lamadolobhana, i-Premier Cru, i-Grand Cru) kanye nesistimu eqhubekayo yezibizo, izifunda, amakomidi nezivini. Uzoqala kuphi? Ngezingeniso zewayini ezimhlophe, bheka kuma-AOCs eCote de Beaune, Macon, Macon Villages, Pouilly-Fuisse kanye ne-Chablis kumalebula ebhodlela. I-Cote de Nuits ixhama kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwePinot Noir, njengoba kwenza i-Mercurey, no-Givry. Imivini yaseBurgundy iyomile, futhi i-terroir iqhutshwa ngegama elithile elitholakala emaceleni amaminithi emivini, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuvala," ehambisa indawo ewayini. Lindela inani elilinganiselwe lotshwala no-asidi ebhodleleni, ngewayini elibomvu eliphethe amazinga aphansi kuya emazingeni aphakathi kwe-tannin futhi ithinte ithonya le-oak. Isifunda sitshalwe ku-60% se-Chardonnay.

Kusukela ngesikhathi seNapolean, izivini zaseBurgundy ziye zahlukaniswa phakathi kwezizindlalifa ezizukulwaneni eziphilayo futhi namuhla lokhu kukhwabanisa nokukhwabanisa kwezwe lesivini sekushiye ingxenye enkulu yendawo ehlukaniswe kakhulu ngobunikazi. Isibonelo, umndeni ungaba nemigqa eminingana esivini esahlukana kalula phakathi kwabanikazi abangama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Ezimeni ezithile, ama-cooperatives adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhiqizwa kokubili komhlaba futhi ekugcineni iwayini.

Isigodi saseRhone - The Great Divide

Ngenkathi iSigodi saseRhone sibhekwe njengesiqephu sewayini esisodwa esiseMfuleni iRhone, esibekwe kahle kakhulu njengezindawo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zewayini - zibizwa nje ngokuthi enyakatho yeRhone ne-Rhone eseningizimu. Ukhiqiza amacala angu-40 wezigidi zewayini ngonyaka, isimangalo se-Rhone Valley sokuthi udumo sigxilile emavinini aseSyrah naseGrenache.

I-Northern Rhone - Njengoba kunezivini ezivuthiwe, izihlahla ezivuthayo ezishisayo, ubusika obubandayo ngisho nesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi "umthambeko ogosiwe" noma owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iCote Rotie, isimo sezulu se-terroir nezwekazi enyakatho yeRhone singagijima ngokweqile.

Uma kuziwa emagilebhisi aseNyakatho Rhone, izinto zihamba phambili ngokuqondile. I-Syrah ingumdlali oyedwa wewayini elibomvu lamagilebhisi futhi i-trio wine i-white wine eyaziwa kahle yesifundazwe yaseViognier, Marsanne noRoussanne idlala emuva. Kanti, amagama okubeka amagama anqoba futhi i-Hermitage, iCote Rotie, neCrozes-Hermitage yizindawo ezibalulekile zokuthola umshini ophezulu weRhone Valley Syrah. Leli vinini elibomvu eliphezu eliphakeme lithola likhulu, eligcwele iwayini eliphethe isakhiwo esiningi futhi ludinga isikhathi esithile sokukhipha kancane emiphongolweni. I-Condrieu, esekelwe kumvinini we-Viognier, yiyona iwayini elimhlophe elimhlophe elisenyakatho yeRhone futhi lijabulela okulandelayo emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Southern Rhône - Ngokuphawulekayo emikhulu futhi enomthwalo wemininingwana eminingi ephuma e-Rhone Valley, iRhone eseningizimu ibizwa ngokuthi iyakwazi ukufinyeleleka, ngezinye izikhathi iwayini elivuthiwe elisekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezingafani ezingu-13 zomvini. I-Syrah ayisisona isihloko esiyinhloko, kodwa sizitholela kahle ngokuthandwa kwe- Grenache ne-Mourvedre kulelo lizwe elidumile lelebuli ye-GSM ( G renache, S yrah, M ourvedre). I-classic egcwele, i-spice-induced, ne-dark berry flavour ye-Cotes du Rhone AOC inikeza isingeniso esithandwayo emaqenjini ewayini aseningizimu etholakalayo. I-Chateauneuf-du-Pape ethandekayo engokwemvelo (ngokoqobo ngokuthi "inqaba yopapa") I-AOC ihlonishwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwamagilebhisi angu-13, okuthandwa kakhulu kuhlanganisa: iGrenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, Cinsault, noRoussane. I-Tavel, eyenziwe kusukela eCinsault naseGrenache, yi-rosé yesifunda yenothi. Iwayini le-Rhone eseningizimu linikeza iwayini elinamahlumela, elivuthayo elibonisa ithonya laseMedithera lombuso kanye ne-terroir ene-sun enamandla.

I-Loire Valley - Amagilebhisi, ama-castle kanye (enye) uMfula Oh!

Ehamba ekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeFrance, umfula omude kunazo zonke ezweni, i-Loire, uhamba ngendlela eya e-Atlantic eduze kwedolobha lase-Nantes. Egcwele izindlu zezintambo ezimangalisayo, izintambo ezimangalisayo zamakhosi zadlula, i-Loire Valley yayisilokhu ibalekela kakhulu ubukhosi baseYurophu. Namuhla, izivini ezihlukahlukene nezindinganiso ezihlukahlukene ziveza umnikelo omkhulu wewayini wezwe. Kusukela emavinini amhlophe aphuzi omnandi futhi aphuzile asekelwe ikakhulukazi kuChenin Blanc naseSauvignon Blanc ukuze kutholakale izigqoko ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela eCabernet Franc kanye nama-rosés ngokusekelwe okufanayo, konke okuya kwiwayini elimnandi le-dessert kanye nezinketho ezikhazimulayo, iwayini le-Loire Valley lihle kakhulu kufanelekile isingeniso.

I-Chenin Blanc - ngokuvamile iwayini elimhlophe elikhanyayo eligijima kusukela elomile kuya elimnandi ukuze likhazimule, lo mvini ovuthiwe omningi uvame ukugijima ngaphansi kwelebula le-label yeVouvray ne-Savennieres, futhi ngokusekelwe emagameni asezindaweni zomphakathi. I-Super ingenwa yi-botrytis, i-Chenin Blanc ingase ivunwe ngenkathi sekwephuzile lapho ukubola okumangalisayo kuhlele ukudala isigaba sezwe, iwayini elimnandi kakhulu le-dessert.

I-Sauvignon Blanc - i-ovine, i-bone eyomile ephuzi iwayini elimhlophe ne-acidity futhi ijwayele ukuthwala ama-aromas amaningi enotshani omusha kanye nemigqa emide yokudoba (okungaqondakali kahle esakhiweni somhlabathi se-chalky), i-Sauvignon Blanc yaseLouire engcono kunazo zonke ivela e-Upper Loire. Izindawo eziyinhloko (kanye namagama okubeka amabhodlela) ukuze afune ukufaka ama-Sancerre ne-Pouilly-Fume. I-Sancerre yindawo epholile yesimo sezulu esivimbela amagilebhisi ukuba afike ekuvuthweni okugcwele kwe-phenolic, okuholela ewayinini eliphethe amazinga ahlukile e-acidity innate. Iwayini elimhlophe eliphuma e-Pouilly-Fume lingase lihlangabezane ne-heft body more and palate heft, kanye ne-acidity encane encane. Bobabili imithombo ye-Loire Sauvignon Blanc yenza amawayini abonisa ukuhlangana okunamangalisayo kwazo zonke izinto ze-shellfish kanye ne-herb-engeniswe imbuzi.

I-Cabernet Franc - Ikhetho elivame kakhulu lewayini elibomvu elibizwa ngokuthi i-Loire, i- Cabernet Franc ivame ukuvela ezifundeni zesifunda saseChinon, eSaumur-Champigny, neBourgeuil (futhi, wonke amabhokisi ebhodlela atholakala kumvini obomvu ngaphakathi kwesibuko). Indawo epholile yase-Loire igcina i-Cab Franc ngakwesobunxele ngokwemigomo yomzimba ne-flavour. Iphelele ngokubhanqa ngezidlo zesifunda ezithwala ama-herbs amaningi, ama-veggies nezinketho zenyama ebomvu.

I-Bordeaux, iBurgundy, iSigodi saseRhone kanye nezindawo eziqhubekayo ze-Loire zonke zivusa umuzwa wendawo ezimisele. Ukucabangela ngobuqotho iwayini laseFrance kulo lonke inkazimulo yalo-mhlaba kanye nokuhlonipha njalo ukukhuleka okudingekayo endaweni yokuzalwa yewayini lesimanje, ukwazi ukuthi iwayini laseFrance likwazi iwayini lomhlaba, ugqozi lwawo, inzala yabo, yabo amandla amakhulu kanye nobuthakathaka.