Funda mayelana nemvubelo

Imvubelo yilezi zinambuzane ezifakwe emzimbeni owodwa ezikhula nxazonke zethu nakithi. Ikhula uma inokudla namanzi iphinde imise ukukhula uma ingenzi. Ngomfanekiso omiswe okwesikhashana, ukukhanya okwanele ukushaywa umoya, njengenzalo. Uma kukhona amanzi nokudla lapho kuhamba khona, kuzokhiqiza futhi kuqhubeke umjikelezo. Kubuye kunesikhumba somuntu futhi kungadluliselwa ekudleni ngokuxhumana, ngezandla ezihlanzekile noma ezingcolile.

Imvubelo isetshenziswa ngabantu iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ukwenza isinkwa, ubhiya, newayini. Ukwenza lokho ngokushintsha ushukela ube utshwala negesi ukuze uthole amandla.

• Okuningi kuMlando Wezinyosi.
• Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-biology yemvubelo lapha.

Iyiphi Imvubelo Esetshenziselwa Ukubhaka

Imvubelo esetshenziselwa ukupheka yi- Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Ama-baker kanye nezinkampani zokubhaka ziye zaveza izinhlobo eziningi, okusho ama-clones yemvubelo nezimfanelo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kufana nomgadi wensimu ozalisa i-tulip enemibala ekhethekile, ukuphakama noma ukuqina. Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-tulip, kunezinhlayiya eziningi zezinambuzane. Imithini yemvubelo eyaziwa kakhulu namuhla ihloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye nesivinini sokuvuthwa. I-Beyond S. cerevisiae kunezinambuzane eziningana eziwusizo emanzini omuncu, nakuba i- S. cerevisiae ivame lapho, futhi.

• I-Thesaurus yeCheka neZithombe

Kukhona nezinhlanzi ezikhethekile zemvubelo ezenzelwe izinhlama ezibucayi noma izinhlama ezicebile.

Ama-bakers angafinyelela ezinkingeni eziningi, njengabakwa-brewers abanamathole ahlukene okukhetha kuwo. Umphakathi unemihlumela embalwa ongakhetha kuyo.

• INkosi Arthur inezinhlobo ezimbalwa zeMvubelo ukuze i-Order Online

Iyiphi Imvubelo Edlayo

Imvubelo idla ushukela, i-glucose ibe yinto ecacile. Uma kungekho glucose ezungezile kodwa kunezinye ushukela, amazinyo noma utshwala, imvubelo idala imishini (ama-enzyme) ukuguqula lezi zibe yi-glucose.

Imvubelo ithwala ulwazi ku-DNA yayo yemishini eminingi eminye imithombo yokudla.

Umfula unomuthi omningi kuwo, okwenziwa ngamaketanga amade ama-molecule eshukela. I-flour ithwala ama-enzyme ayo asebenza ezinqabeni futhi uwasika zibe ushukela olula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba ufulawa uphindwe kabusha ngamanzi noma kwezinye iziphuzo. Khona-ke imvubelo isebenzisa ushukela amandla.

Kungani Amaseli E-Yeast Aphuza

Imvubelo inezindlela ezimbili zokukhulula amandla kusuka kumamolekyuli ashukela ukuze basebenzise isilondolozi sabo seleso kanye nokukhiqiza; noma ngaphandle kwe-oxygen.

• Ngokuhlinzeka oksijini, benza i-carbon dioxide (i-CO2 - igesi), yilokho kanye amangqamuzana omuntu enza, futhi. Basebenzisa cishe wonke amandla avela ushukela ukwenza lokhu futhi benze igesi eningi. Lokhu kuthiwa ukuphefumula.
• Nge-oksijeni encane noma engenayo, imvubelo isakha imishini esula ukuphuza utshwala kanye ne-carbon dioxide ngemuva kokusebenzisa amanye amandla eshukela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvutshelwa. Njengoba lokhu kuyindlela engafanele yokubamba amandla, kumele bahlanganise ushukela okwedlula okwenzayo ngesikhathi sokuphefumula.

Ukwenza isinkwa ngemvubelo isebenzisa ukuphefumula kokubili nokuvutshelwa (ikakhulukazi okugcineni). Uguqa noma uphonse i-oxygen (ne-nitrogen) enhlama, lapho imvubelo isebenzisa khona ngokushesha, iveza igesi eliboshwe inhlama.

Iningi lentengo yesinkwa inhlama ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwehora lokuqala lokuvutshelwa. Khona-ke imvubelo kumele ishintshe ekwenzeni utshwala nama-acids kanye negesi bese ikhula kancane kancane. Lokhu kunikeza ama-aromas akhethekile wesinkwa esikhuphukile nesinambitha. Lezi zinhlanganisela nazo zithinta isakhiwo senhlama, ishintsha i-crumb and crust ngemuva kokubhaka.

Indlela Ukushisa Okuthinta I-Yeast

Imvubelo ikhula kangcono ngo-26 ° C (79 ° F) nokuvuthwa okungcono kakhulu ku- 30 - 35 ° C (86 - 95 ° F) . Emazingeni okushisa aphansi imvubelo iyanciphisa kokubili izinqubo futhi iba "idle". Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinambuzane ezinomvubelo azisebenzi kahle. Lokhu kufana nomuntu onomkhuhlane.

Kungani Isiqandisisi Isikhukhula

Ngezinye izikhathi kuwukuthi singalindela ukukhuphuka ukuze sikwazi ukulawula lapho sibheka isinkwa. Kukhona izingxoxo mayelana nokudla okudalwa lapho inhlama igqwaliwe amahora amaningana noma ubusuku bonke, kodwa akucaci ukuthi lokhu kuvela kuma-enzyme kufulawa, imetabolites yemvubelo, ama-metastol, noma ezinye izimo zamakhemikhali.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokubhaka isinkwa ezidinga isiqandisiso. "Isinkwa se-Artisan Emaminithini amahlanu Ngosuku" (2007, iSt. Martin's Press) sisisebenzisa, sigcina inhlama kuze kube amasonto amathathu esiqandisini, kanti uPeter Reinhart ukhombisa ukugcina izinhlama eziyinhloko esiqandisini izinsuku ezintathu uma abakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokushesha. Futhi, indlela yaseSwitzerland i-Wurzelbrot ibhaka izinkwa ngokuqondile esiqandisini futhi ezinye izinkwa eziboshwe zingahle ziqandiswe futhi zibhakwe ekuseni ekuseni.

Ukusebenzisa Ukushisa Okuphansi Kuya Ekuzuzeni Kwakho Kwezinye Izinkwa

Ungayisebenzisa ukuze unciphise inhlama yesinkwa sakho uma ungakwazi ukuwabhaka ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokufakazela kokuqala noma emva kokufometha. Kungenziwa ngemuva nje kokuthi uhlele isinkwa sakho, noma ukubuyisela isinkwa esande ngaphambi kokuba ulungele. Nakuba lokhu kungakalungi, ngokuvamile kuvame umkhiqizo owamukelekayo.

Isizathu Sokufakazela Isikhumba Emanzini Afudumele Noma Emuva Kwezitofu

Imvubelo oyithenga esitolo inezinga eliphezulu lokuvutshelwa ku-30 ​​- 35 ° C (86 - 95 ° F). Izindlela zokupheka zesinkwa eziningi zanamuhla zibiza ukufakazela ubufakazi kulawo mazinga okushisa. Uma ungashiseli noma upholise indlu yakho kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lokushisa lizoshintshashintsha. Ngama-60 ° F ekhishini lami ngosuku lobusika, inhlama yesinkwa iphuma kancane kakhulu. Kuzophazamisa umkhiqizo wokuphela kanye nemiphumela yesinkwa esiphezulu, esiningi kakhulu.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-enzyme ezitshalo (atholakalayo kufulawa) asebenza kahle kumazinga okushisa aphakeme futhi aphule ngaphezulu gluten kanye isitashi. Lokhu kuzothinta ikhono le-gluten ukubamba igesi imveliso yemvubelo. Noma kunjalo, ikhishi elibandayo linganciphisa inhlama ekhuphuka kakhulu noma unikeza inhlama isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, okuyinto enhle, ngakho-ke kuhlale kuwukuhweba.

Yeka ukuthi isinkwa esingakanani sokusebenzisa

Igramu eyodwa yemvubelo iqukethe amaseli amancane ayizigidi ezingu-20. Kukhona ama-gramu angu-7 kuphakeji ye-ounce yesine esiyithenga esitolo (amathisipuni amabili 1/2). Lama-140 billion amangqamuzana! Uma uqala ukwenza isinkwa, engeza inani lemvubelo elifunwa iresiphi. Uma kuthanda okuhle futhi kunezindawo ozifunayo, bese unamathela kuso.

Ngenxa yokuthi imvubelo ayihlukanisi inhlama yesinkwa esikhulu (ukukhuphuka kwama-20-30% kuphela ezinombeni zeseli emahoreni angu-4), lokho okuqala ngakho yilokho ogcina khona ngokulandela izinombolo zemvubelo. Lokhu kungathinta isinkwa ngokungeza ukunambitheka "okumnandi" uma ufaka kakhulu emgqeni. Inani lemvubelo lizungeze 1 - 2% wefulawa, ngesisindo. Imvubelo enkulu kakhulu ingabangela inhlama ukuba ihambe iphinde ikhululeke ngokukhipha igesi ngaphambi kokuba ufulawa ulungele ukwandisa.

Uma uvumela inhlama ikhule isikhathi eside kakhulu, izoqala ukuba nemvubelo noma ubhiya iphunga futhi kunambitheke futhi ekugcineni igweme noma ikhule kabi kuhhavini futhi ibe nokukhanya okulula. Lokhu akubanga ngenxa yezinombolo ezinkulu zemvubelo yesilonda ezithatha ngaphezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokushukela okuncane kakhulu futhi ukungakwazi kwe-gluten ukwelula noma yikuphi okunye.

Okwenza Abanye Ukupheka Bakudlulisele Nje Isiqu Semvubelo

Ezinye zokupheka ziqala nge isipuni sesine semvubelo, okuyi-10% kuphela yepakethe lemvubelo! Lezi zokupheka zixhomeke ekuvutsheni okude ukudala ukunambitheka futhi ikakhulukazi ziqale ngenhlama emanzi kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela imvubelo ihambisane futhi ihlukanise ngenkathi ama-enzyme efulawa enza into yawo. Inhlama efana nalokhu ivame ukuvuthwa ngobusuku bonke futhi ivame ukuvuthwa ibe inhlama yokugcina eneemvubelo ngaphezulu ukusiza ekukhuleni kokugcina.

Ukuhlukana Phakathi Kwesisindo Sejwayelekile, Imvubelo Esheshayo, Nemvubelo YeMigqabha Yezinkwa

Yidla futhi kulula ukusetshenziswa. Imvubelo yemishini esheshayo nesinkwa isomisiwe ngandlela-thile ukuyivumela ukuba ixutshwe kufulawa ngaphandle kokufakazelwa kuqala. Kuyinto ebiza kakhulu kunezobuchwepheshe obudala. Ngokuvamile, imvubelo eyomile iveza ukunambitheka okuhlukile, okuthandwa ngabantu abathile. Ngithole imvubelo eyomile, eyomile kakhulu esitolo sami sokudla sezempilo. Indlela eyenziwe ngayo, kuthatha cishe kabili isikhathi eside ukubuyisela kabusha kodwa isebenza okufanayo nemvubelo yempuphu uma ufakazela.

Imvubelo yenkomishi icindezelwe imvubelo emisha futhi ishicilelwe. Unomphefumulo omfushane we-shelf kunomvubelo omisiwe, kodwa ngithanda ukunambitheka kwawo emaqanda amaningi aseJalimane. Kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuthola eMelika, ngakho-ke esikhundleni somvubelo omisiwe; iphakethe elilodwa lemvubelo eyomile (amathisipuni amabili / 2) noma imvubelo esheshayo (2 amathisipuni) wekhekhe elilodwa (0.6 amaunyo e-US) bese wengeza isipuni noma ngaphezulu ketshezi enhlama. Ngokuvamile, ungakwazi ukufaka enye imvubelo kwenye, nakuba ungase ufune ukushintsha indlela yokulethwa. Imvubelo esheshayo ingaboniswa uma uthanda, kodwa angikhuthazi ukuxuba imvubelo eyomile esebenzayo noma imvubelo yekhekhe nofulawa ngokuqondile njengoba ingachithi ngokulinganayo emgqumeni oqinile.

• Leli khasi linengxoxo enhle kakhulu ngezinhlobo zemvubelo ezisetshenziselwa ukubhaka.
• Futhi, bheka izincazelo zezinkwa ze-Fleishmann kanye nemikhiqizo ye-Red Star yemvubelo.
• Funda kabanzi ngesayensi yenhlama yesinkwa

Indlela Ulwandle Oluthinta Ngayo Imvubelo

Inani elincane likasawoti lingasisiza ngempela imvubelo ukusebenza (0.5 - 1%), kanti usawoti ka-1.5-2.5% (ngesisindo kuya kufulawa) wenza okungavinjelwe. Ukwawoti kuyadingeka ngesakhiwo se-gluten isinkwa, noma kunjalo, kanye nokunambitha. Izinkwa eziningi zenziwe ngokwaneliseka ngosawoti ka-2%. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuphakama kuka-sugar ngaphezu kuka-6% (ngesisindo kuya kufulawa) kunomthelela omubi kwimvubelo, futhi. Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lwemvubelo esebenza kahle emathineni amnandi futhi omuncu .

Okuthumba Kwenzekani Kuyisilonda

Ukugcoba kuncane kakhulu kwimvubelo kusukela imvubelo kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo emva kokuxuba kokuqala. Ilula futhi ikhulisa i-gluten ukuze ikwazi ukubamba i-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide bubbles. Ukugcoba kwesibili kubalulekile ngemuva kokuba inhlama ikhuphuke kanye, ukwandisa ukwanda, nakuba kungase kungabi inqubo yokuxoxela ende.

Ukushaya inhlama kanzima akulimazi imvubelo, awukwazi ukuphula amaseli ngaleyo ndlela. Abapheki bezobuchwepheshe banakekele lapho bexuba izinhlama ukuze izinga lokushisa lingadluli kulokho okudingekayo iresiphi. Ababhaki basekhaya abakhathazeki ngalokhu ngoba inani elincane lenhlama elisetshenziselwa ekhaya alidingi ukuxuba okuningi.