Uke wafaka kangaki izikhathi zokubilisa irayisi ukuze ubumise, bese ubuyela kuwo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 ukuthola umthamo welayisi obambekile, obunamanzi? Funda ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zelayisi, futhi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwezingqimba ngesikhathi sokupheka ezahlukene.
Izinhlobo Eziningi zelayisi
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zelayisi. Zihlukile emanzini okudla futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, uhlobo lwesitashi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesitashi elayisi: i-amylose ne-amylopectin.
U-Amylose yi-molecule esinde, eqondile ye-starch engaxilisi ngesikhathi sokupheka, ngakho-ke ilayisi eliqukethe okuningi kwalesi sitashi kupheka ukupheka amanzi, ngokuhlukana okuhlukene. Irayisi omhlophe okusanhlamvu elide line-amylose kakhulu futhi i-amylopectin encane, ngakho-ke ijwayele ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi encane. U-Amylose uyanzima nakakhulu uma epholile, ehlangene ngokuqinile futhi ekwakheni amakristalu ancibilika lapho irayisi ivuselelwa. Ilayisi ephezulu e-amylose inenombolo ephansi ye-Index ye-Glycemic.
I-Amylopectin iyi-molecule enamandla kakhulu eyenza irayisi inamathele lapho ikhishwa okusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokupheka. Irayisi eliphakathi okusanhlamvu line-amylopectin engaphezulu, okwenza kube yi-candidate omuhle we-risottos, ama-saladi kanye ne-rice pudding, ekhonjiswa ebanda. I-rice encane yokudla okusanhlamvu ine-amylopectin nakakhulu futhi ayikho i-amylose encane, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa ukupheka kwe-Asia uma ufuna amaqabunga ukuba anamathele ngakho kulula ukuwadla ngezinti.
Khona-ke kukhona irayisi enobuthi, okuyinto enamathele kakhulu lapho ephekwe, enenani eliphakeme kakhulu le-amylopectin futhi alikho i-amylose.
Irayisi elimhlophe linenhlanzi negatsha esusiwe, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwayo okunomsoco. Kodwa e-US, ilayisi ivame kakhulu, futhi kunezakhi ezifana ne-calcium, i-riboflavin, insimbi, ne-niacin.
Irayisi elibomvu selikhulile nje, ngakho linamafutha amaningi kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Irayisi eguqulwe ibilisiwe noma igwetshiwe ngaphambi kokuba isetshenziswe, ephoqa amanye amavithamini namaminerali abe yi-kernel kusukela ebunjini. Irayisi eliguquliwe liphakeme kakhulu kunezakhi ezingaphezu kwelayisi elimhlophe. Irayisi yasendle ayiyona okusanhlamvu, kepha inzalo yotshani ehlala eNyakatho Melika.
Lapho ilayisi lipheka, ukushisa, nokuqala kwamanzi kuhamba phambili ebusweni belayisi. Ama-molecule we-starch ngaphakathi kwe-rice okusanhlamvu aqala ukwehla futhi athathe amanzi ukuze enze i-gel. Uhlobo lwesitashi kulayisi lunikeza ukuthi luyoba lukhuni noma lube lukhuni.
Izinhlobo zelayisi
- Ilayini elide elimhlophe elimhlophe
Upheka uphethile futhi uhlukanise. I-fiber encane, kodwa ngokuvamile ihanjiswa ngezakhi, amavithamini, namaminerali. - Irayisi yokusanhlamvu ephakathi
I-amylopectin eyengeziwe emanzini kanye nengqimba engaphandle, ngakho-ke ikhulula isitashi ngesikhathi sokupheka futhi ipheka i-creamy. - I-Rice Grain Rice
Amylopectin engaphezulu emanzini; ikhishwa isitashi eziningi ngesikhathi sokupheka; okunamathelayo futhi okunomusa uma kuphekwe. - Rice Rice
Isikhumulo kuphela sisuswa ngesikhathi sokucubungula; i-bran igcinwa, okwenza kube ne-fibre ngaphezulu nezakhi. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukupheka kunelayisi omhlophe ngoba ungqimba wangaphandle lukhuni. - I-Basmati Rice
Irayisi ende okusanhlamvu, iphunga (iphunga njenge-popcorn lapho ipheka), ipheka i-fluffy iphinde ihluke.
- Wehani Rice
Ubuningi obude, ilayisi elibomvu elingenalutho, elinambitheka elimnandi kakhulu. Upheka uphethile futhi uhlukanise. - Jasmine Rice
Ukusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu nokumnandi, kodwa nge-amylopectin engaphezu kwerayisi elide elivuthiwe, ngakho lipheka i-creamier kunokusanhlamvu okude. - Arborio Rice
Irayisi encane yokusanhlamvu ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa i-risotto. Ikhulula i-amylopectin eningi ngenkathi kupheka, ngakho-ke isidlo esiphelile sinomzimba omuhle futhi sinomlomo omncane ozwakalayo. - Ilayisi lasendle
Imbewu yotshani lwendabuko, le 'irayisi' ithatha isikhathi eside ukupheka kunelayisi obomvu futhi inokuvuthwa kwe-nutty nokuthunga. Ipheka i-fluffy iphinde ihlukaniswe ngaphandle kokuthi uyipheke kuze kube yilapho 'iqhuma', noma isembatho sangaphandle siphambana. Khona-ke irayisi isheshe futhi ihlukaniswe kancane. - Ilayisi eguquliwe
Lona ilayisi ephuze kancane kancane, bese isomisiwe, ngakho-ke ipheka ngokushesha. Kuyinto enhle uma ungakhethi mayelana nekhwalithi yakho yelayisi; uqinisekisiwe nemiphumela eqhubekayo. Ilayisi esheshayo isetshenziswe nakakhulu; usanda kuwubuyisela kabusha ngokuwungezela emanzini ashisayo futhi uvumele ukuma, kufakwe, kuze kube yithenda.
Funda indlela yokupheka ilayisi
Irayisi ende okusanhlamvu ipheka kakhulu ehlukene futhi ehlwitha uma amahlamvu ekhishwa ngamafutha amancane noma ibhotela kuze kube yilapho ezinye zezinhlamvu ziqala ukubheka kancane kancane. Bese ungeza amanzi abandayo (hhayi ashisayo) ngesilinganiso sezinkomishi ezingu-1 no-1/2 ezimanzi ku-1 indebe yerayisi. Letha ingxube kumathumba, bese ubhaqa ngokuqinile, unciphisa ukushisa, bese umile imizuzu engu-15, kuze kube yilapho umsele uhlanganisiwe. Gcina ikhava epanini, ususe i-pan kusukela ekushiseni, futhi uvumele irayisi imele amanye amaminithi angu-15 kuya komusi. Bese uhlunga irayisi ngemfoloko.
Ungakwazi ukupheka irayisi kuhhavini ye-microwave. Hlanganisa irayisi le-1 ngekomishi nge-1 no-3/4 izinkomishi zamanzi, ucezu kasawoti, ne-isipuni yebhotela ebhodini elincane eliphephile lokupheka. Vala i-pan bese upheka phezulu ngamaminithi angu-5 kuze kube ngamathumba oketshezi. Nciphisa ukulungiselelwa ukuya emaphakathi, noma amandla ka-50%, bese upheka amaminithi angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 (isikhathi eside irayisi ye-parboiled) kuze kube yilapho uketshezi oluketshezile. Fluff ngeforki. Irayisi elibomvu kufanele liphekwe ngokusebenzisa inqubo efanayo kodwa ukupheka emkhatsini wemaminithi angu-30.
Irayisi elibomvu lingcono kakhulu eliphekwe ngamanzi amaningi, bese ligcwala uma kunesidingo uma ithenda. Ncishisa ukushisa bese ubamba imizuzu engama-35 kuya kwangu-40, noma kuze kube yilapho irayisi ithenda uma uluma kulo. Uma kukhona noma yikuphi uketshezi olusele, lungeza. Bese ubuyela epanini ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu bese upheka imizuzu engu-2 kuya kwezingu-3, uphahlaza ngezikhathi ezithile ngefoloko, ukuhambisa kancane okusanhlamvu.
I-rim basmati, uma ungathola i-basmati yeqiniso, iyindlela yokwelapha ngempela. Izindlela eziningi zokupheka zibiza ukugcoba noma ukugcoba irayisi ngaphambi kokupheka ukuze ihlanza isitashi sombuso, kepha ilayisi elingenayo futhi elingavaliwe linalo ukunambitheka okungaphezulu nokuvumelana okungcono. Hlanganisa ilayisi ngamanye amafutha yemifino, bese ufaka amanzi ngesilinganiso esifanayo sokudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu , bese uletha ngamathumba, unciphisa ukushisa, ukumboza, nokumisa imizuzu engu-17 kuya kwezingu-18. Susa i-pan kusuka ekushiseni futhi vumela ukuma ku-steam imizuzu engu-10 ubude.
I-Risotto iyindlela ekhethekile yokupheka ilayisi. Irayisi elifushane noma eliphakathi kwe-rice likhishwa okokuqala ngamafutha noma ibhotela, bese kuthiwa amanzi abilayo kancane kancane, ngenkathi eshukumisa ingxube kakhulu.
Lokhu kuvuselela kusiza ukukhulula indawo yangaphandle yerayisi, okuvumela isitashi esiningi (amylopectin) ukuba iphule emsanzini, okwenza isidlo esinobucayi nesicebile. Irayisi iphekwe kuze kube yilapho isiqine kodwa isineke.
Irayisi elinamafutha , noma okusanhlamvu okufutshane noma irayisi le-glutinous, kulula kakhulu ukupheka ngoba ngokuvamise kuzothatha ukunamathela uma kuphekwe ngokwemiyalo yephakheji. Inselele ukupheka ilayisi ukuze izinhlamvu zibe zethenda futhi zifudumele; okunamathelayo nekhilimu kulula!
Abapheki belayisi kukhona imishini emihle eveza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwerayisi oyithandayo ngaphandle kwekhono engxenyeni yakho! Uma upheka irayisi eningi, cabanga ukuthenga i-rice cooker.