Ekubhaka, imvubelo umoya owenza izinkwa, amaqebelengwane kanye nezinye izinto eziphekweyo uma zihamba kuhhavini. Le gesi ikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-agent evulekile oyisebenzisayo. Lokhu, kuyahlukahluka ngokusho kwalokho okubhakayo, kodwa indlela elula yokucabanga ukuthi i-agent evubelo iveza igesi, futhi igesi ibangela inhlama noma iqhume ukuze ikhule.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezisebenzi ezigcobayo: eziphilayo, amakhemikhali kanye ne-steam.
Yeka ukuthi ama Agent Leavening enza kanjani ukuthi izikhukhula zivuke
Umquba wenziwa ngotshani kakolweni, equkethe amaprotheni amabili abizwa ngokuthi i-gliadin ne-glutenin. Uma ungeza amanzi bese uqala ukukuxuba, i-gliadin ne-glutenin bahlanganisa ukwakha amaprotheni amasha okuthiwa i-gluten .
Ama-molecule e-Gluten azihlela zibe ngamaketanga angaba yinde kakhulu futhi enwebekayo. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi kungani ungathatha ucezu lwesinkwa bese uyilula phakathi kweminwe yakho. Uma uguqa ngokwengeziwe, i-stretchier ithola.
Okulandelayo, igesi elikhiqizwa yi-agent eligcobayo lifaka izinkulungwane zamabhulabhu amancane enhlama, okubangela ukuba igcobe. Ake ucabange izinkulungwane zamabhaloni amancane eqhutshwa emoyeni.
Udoti ulula, njengama-balloons. Uma kwakungenjalo, esikhundleni sokushaya ibhaluni, bekuyoba njengokungena emgodini wamanzi ngotshani. Ama-bubbles ayengase aqhume ngokushesha futhi igesi lalizophunyuka. Ngenxa yokwehla kwenhlama, i-bubbles yanda ngaphandle kokuqhuma, ngakho-ke igesi ihlala ibanjwe emabhulwini isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze ingxenye yesithathu yokusabela iyenze.
Okokugcina, ukushisa kwehhavini kupheka inhlama, okwenza kubekwe ngenkathi lezo zibhamu ezincane zikhona esimweni sabo esithintekayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho igesi igcina iphunyukile, lezo zikhwama zomoya zimelela ukuma kwazo kunokuba zichithe. Ubukhulu balawo mabhakede emoyeni anquma ukuthungwa okuhle kwakho okubhaka. Amapokhethi amancane amancane akhiqiza ukuthungwa okubushelelezi, njengokungathi ngekhekhe.
Amakhulu amakhulu akhiqiza ukuthungwa okukhulu, njengokunkwa kwesinkwa .
Imvubelo: I-Agent Leavening Agent
Imvubelo iqukethe izidalwa ezinomzimba owodwa (uhlobo lwe-fungus) oluthola khona ubude kude nanoma yini wena noma engizange ngiyiqaphele ngokuthi "ukuphila," kodwa benza umsebenzi obalulekile. Imvubelo inesibopho senqubo yokuvutshelwa, ngaphandle kwalapho bekungeke kube khona izinto ezinjengobhiya, iwayini, noma isinkwa.
Indlela ukuvuthwa kusebenza ngayo imvubelo idla ushukela futhi ikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) igesi nophuzo oludakayo. Ukuphuza utshwala kuyinhlangano yabanini bomdanso kanye nabakwa-brewers, kanti i-CO 2 ihamba kahle kubabhaki. I-CO 2 nayo iveza amabhuloki ebhiya.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemilomo yebhakiki:
- Imvubelo eyomile yilelokho okupheka kakhulu okufakwe kukho. Imvubelo eyomile, enegranular ethengiswa emaphakethe noma izimbiza. Ngaphambi kokusebenza nayo, imvubelo eyomile kumele isebenze, noma "kuqinisekiswe," ngokuyiqeda emanzini afudumele. Ukushisa okuhle kunama-105 F. Ukushisa kunalokho futhi imvubelo ngeke isebenze ngokugcwele; ukushisa okukhulu futhi uzobulala imvubelo ngaphambi kokuba yenze noma yini.
- Imvubelo esomile nayo iyimvubelo ye-granular ethengiswa kumaphakethe noma izimbiza. Ngokungafani nemvubelo eyomile esebenzayo, noma kunjalo, okomile okomile kungaxubene ngqo nofulawa wakho, akukho ukufakazela okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga kuphela ukusebenzisa i-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 imvubelo eyomile esheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokumile okusebenzayo.
- Imvubelo entsha itholakala ikakhulukazi ezitolo zebhaka ezentengiselwano. Iza izitini ezilodwa zamakhilogremu futhi inganezelwa ngokuqondile enhlama noma yahlakazwa emanzini kuqala. Qaphela ukuthi ukuchithwa kuphela ukusiza ukuhlakazeka ngokugcwele; akudingi ukufakazela ubufakazi.
Ungaguqula imvubelo ehlanzekile ukuze isebenze ngokumile noma esheshayo eyomile ngokuphindaphindiwe ngu-0.5 no-0.35, ngokulandelana. Njengomthetho jikelele, kungcono ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimvu amakholi we-recipes anikeziwe. Kunezinguquko eziningi kakhulu ezingangena lapho uqala ukuguqula.
Ezikhathini eziningi, imvubelo inhlama ivuke kanye, bese uthola ukugxila phansi, bese uvuka futhi. Ekugcineni, bangena kuhhavini, lapho ukushisa kuvusa imvubelo ekuthunjweni okukhulu kokugcina kwe CO 2 ngaphambi kokuba bafinyelele ku-140 F bese befa.
Ngifanele ngitshengise ukuthi, ngokungafani nama agent amabili alandelayo, imvubelo inomthelela futhi.
Ngempela, ukungeza imvubelo ngaphezulu iresiphi ngeke kubangele ukuthi isinkwa sikhuphuke ngaphezulu, kodwa sizokhiqiza imvubelo enkulu kakhulu.
I-Baking Soda ne-Baking Powder : Amakhemikhali Okugcoba Amakhemikhali
I-baking soda (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa nge-bicarbonate ye-sodium noma i-bicarbonate ye-soda) yi-powder emhlophe efika ebhokisini, futhi inezinga le-pH elingu-8 kuya ku-9, okusho ukuthi liyisisekelo. Uma kuhlangene nesithako esiyinkimbinkimbi, sizokhiqiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubangela ukukhululwa kwe-CO 2 .
Ngokungafani nokusabela kwemvubelo, eyenzeka kancane kancane isikhathi eside, izithelo ze-baking soda ngokushesha, yingakho izinkwa nama- muffin akhiqizwa kuthiwa yizinkwa ezisheshayo.
Ezinye izibonelo zama-acidic izithako ezizokwenza ukusebenza ku-baking soda yi- buttermilk , ijusi kalamula, i-yogurt, ukhilimu omuncu, i-molasses noma uju. Esimweni sayo esomile, i-baking soda i-inert, kodwa uma ivuliwe, iphendula ngokushesha.
I-powder baking ngumkhiqizo ohlanganisa i-baking soda kanye nenye enye ingxenye ye-acidic, futhi ifomu le-powder. Uma nje ihlala isomile, ayisebenzi. Uma usubisiwe, ukuqala kwamakhemikhali kuqala. Kuyinto esheshayo esingaphansi kokuphendula ngokuqondile kokupheka kwe-soda, noma kunjalo. Ngokungafani nokupheka i-soda, i-baking powder iyasebenza kabili, okusho ukuthi iqala ukusebenza uma ixubene, bese inika elinye i-gas eligcwele lapho livutha. Yingakho isinkwa esisheshayo esishaya, njengama-pancake , singabanjwa okwesikhashana ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla abo.
Into eyodwa engakwazi ukusho ngokwanele, noma kunjalo, ukuthi awukwazi ukufaka i-baking soda nge-baking powder, noma i-vice-versa, ngoba ngeke isebenze.
I-steam: I-Agent Leavening Agent
Ngokungafani nabasebenzisa izembatho ezingenhla, konke okukhiqiza igesi le-CO 2 , imfucumfucu imane nje yomswakama wamanzi, okhiqizwa lapho amanzi enhlama yakho efinyelela ku-212 F futhi aphefumula.
Ukuqhuma kwe-steam kungase kubonakale kungenakuqhathaniswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ezingavamile nezingavamile ezichazwe ngenhla, kepha umusi unamandla amakhulu. Lapho amanzi eba yomoya, ivolumu yayo ikhula ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-1 500. Amandla okukhuliswa ngawo lokhu akhuliswa ngamazinga aphezulu okushisa. I-pastry yamakhekhe kanye ne-choux pastry yizibonelo ezimbili ze-pastry ezisebenzisa kuphela umshini njenge-agent yabo egwebisayo, kodwa uma zilungiswe kahle zihamba kahle futhi zigcwele.
Isihluthulelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlama ithatha umusi. Nge- pastry , lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka ibhotela enhlama bese uyigcwalisa ibe yizincwadi. Le nqubo ikhiqiza amakhulu emigqa, ephuma emigqeni ehlukene ebonakalayo ngenxa yomswakama owenziwe yi-liquid in the inhlama namanzi ebhotela.
Ikhekhe le-choux , elisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukhilimu, ama-eclairs nama-beignets, isebenzisa inqubo ehlukile. Ngokupheka inhlama ngesikhathi esisodwa ku-stovetop, i-glutens ihlukaniswa kancane kancane, okunciphisa ukuqina kwehlama.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isitashi esiphundu sine-gelatinized, esiza ukusihlela. Ngakho-ke uma kuphekwa, umusi uphelela umquba, kodwa kunokuba uphinde uphindele emuva, ubambe umumo futhi amaphakheji angaphakathi phakathi kwe-pastry ahlale engahambelani.