Isikolweni sekuyisivuno sasekhaya iminyaka engaba ngu-10 000, futhi ukuhlanza ufulawa ngokususa igatsha kubuya kwabaseGibhithe lasendulo, abasusa igatsha besebenzisa ama-papyrus sieves. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokuhlanza ayizange igcwaliswe kuze kube yilapho kudalwa umshini wokugcoba ngama-1820.
Ukwehliswa kwefulawa nakho kwenzelwe amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa kwenziwa ngokuguga kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20. Ukugcina ufulawa wekolweni isikhathi eside - kuze kube yonyaka - kubangela ukudala ama-enzyme engokwemvelo echitha ufulawa ngokomzimba.
Yiqiniso, lokhu kwenza ufulawa ophuhliwe uyabiza, futhi utholakala kuphela kumalungelo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulwini lama-20, inqubo yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali yamukelwa futhi kutholakala ufulawa omhlophe kubantu. Ngakho-ke, yize noma "i-crust upper" ikwazi ukuthola ifomu lokuhlanza elihlanjululwe, iminyaka engamakhulu eminyaka, itholakala kubantu abaningi eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.
Uhlobo luhlukaniswa izici eziningana ezihlukene: uma likhulile - ukolweni wesihlahla sonyaka noma ubusika, umbala wakhe - obomvu noma omhlophe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "kunzima" noma "okunethezeka", inani lemaphrotheni eliqukethe, kanye nenani iprotheni ethile, ebizwa ngokuthi "gluten" equkethe.
Amasondo alubomvu adinga ukwedlula okuningi kunezintambo ezimhlophe, ngakho-ke amasondo amhlophe ngokuvamile ayala intengo ephakeme kunalabo abomvu.
Isembozo sangaphandle sokusanhlamvu kakolweni yi-bran. Ingxenye yangaphakathi ejikeleze igciwane likakolweni yi-endosperm.
Ukolweni onzima ubizwa ngokuthi "kanzima" ngoba izinhlamvu zawo zingabonakala sengathi zinzima njengeqhwa. Izinhlamvu zekoro kanzima ngokuvamile zine-endosperm ekhazimulayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukolweni oluphansi, une-endosperm esithambile. Ukolweni onzima unokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-gluten futhi isetshenziselwa ufulawa wesinkwa nofulawa ogcwele ukolweni.
Amagundane okugaya okolweni ayenama-oblong, athambile, futhi ngokuvamile akaveli.
Ukolweni onomthola ungaphansi kokuqukethwe kwe-gluten futhi yiyona eyinhloko ye- ufulawa wekhekhe kanye nofulawa we-pastry.
I-Gluten iyinhlobo yeprotheyini eyenza ukuqina kwenhlama, ukusiza ukuba ikhule futhi igcine isimo sayo futhi ngokuvamile inikeza umkhiqizo wokugcina ukuthungwa okuhlambulukile.
Ingqolowa ye-Durum yikolweni elikhuni kakhulu elikhulile. Loluhlobo lwengqolowa lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ufulawa we-semolina we- pasta & bulgur. Liphezulu amaprotheni, ikakhulukazi i-gluten. Ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezithile zesinkwa.
I-hard red spring spring i-brownish, ephezulu-amaprotheni kakolweni esetshenziselwa isinkwa nempahla ekhuni. Izindwangu zokudla okuyizinkwa kanye ne-high-gluten zivame ukwenziwa kusuka kokhukhuni kanzima okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukolweni obomvu obusika obunzima buyi-brownish, ephakeme ngokuyisilinganiso se-protein yamabele okusetshenziselwa isinkwa, izimpahla ezinobuthi obukhuni futhi ngezinye izikhathi zixutshwe nezinye izinhlanzi ukwandisa amaprotheni kufulawa we-pastry ngezinsika zokukhanda .
Ukolweni obomvu obusika obumnandi buyi-porothini ephansi-esetshenziselwa amaqebelengwane, ama-pie crusts, ama- biscuits , nama-muffin. Ufulawa wamaqebelengwane, ufulawa we-pastry, nokunye okuzwakalisa ukugcoba nge-baking powder kanye nosawoti okungeziwe kwenziwa ngokolweni obomvu obusika obusika.
Ukolweni omhlophe onzima kunama-opaque, amahle, aphakathi kwamaprotheni ukolweni okusetshenziselwa isinkwa nokuphuza.
Bona futhi
Izinhlobo Zokhula Ukuvuna Nezinhlobonhlobo Zemizila Ehlukahlukene
Ukupheka
Ama-bhisikidi egcwele okusanhlamvu anama-anyanisi ahlaza
Ukudla kwasekuseni Bulur Cereal
Isinkwa Sonke Sikakolweni Semikhiqizo Yomkhanyo Wezinkwa
Ungase Uthande