I-Kale, i- "Grünkohl" ngesiJalimane (i- Brassica oleracea convar acéphala var. Sabéllica , uhlobo lweklabishi engenzi ikhanda.) Kunalokho, ikhula amaqabunga ama-curly kakhulu ngeziqu zomzimba. "I-Federkohl" noma iklabishi yamaphisi.
Ekhulile kwaseMedithera ngamaGreki namaRoma, i-kale yaba umthombo obalulekile wokudla eJalimane ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Yanikeza i-vitamin C ebusika kubantu abanzi, kulula ukukhula nokubandayo ukubekezelela cishe ngo-10 ° F (-15 ° C).
Etshalwe ngoJuni, ingavunwa kulo lonke ubusika, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukushisa okushisa ngisho nokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwawo.
Umlando we-Kale eJalimane
Nakuba "iGrnnkohl" kwakuyisidlo somuntu ocebile ngezikhathi zamaRoma, khona-ke ukudla komuntu ompofu okwesikhashana, manje sekuyinto yokudlela ejwayelekile eminyakeni yamuva. Enyakatho yeJalimane, "i-Grün-" noma "i-Braunkohl" ifinyelele isimo esifana nesimo senkolo. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi "Blätterkohl," "Krauskohl," "Fedekohl," "Winterkohl," "geschlitzter Kohl" nethi "friesische-" noma "Oldenburger Palme" (iklabishi leqabunga, iklabishi ekhanda, iklabishi yezinkukhu, iklabishi yasebusika, iklabishi yokuqothula kanye nesihlahla somuthi wesiFrisi noma sase-Oldenburger).
Ikakhulukazi eBrmen, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi ezingezansi zeS Lower Saxony (uHanover kuya eBraunschweig), "iGrnnkohl" yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "i-Braunkohl." Kunezizathu ezintathu ezingenzeka lokhu. Okokuqala wukuthi uma upheka i-kale, iphenduka kancane ensundu. Owesibili wukuthi akufanele uvune ama-kale kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga angaphandle ephenduka obuntundu.
Isizathu sesithathu kungenzeka ukuthi umbala we-violet owodwa owawuthola uwenza ubonakale ubumnyama-obuluhlaza.
U-Bremen no-Oldenburg balwa njalo ngonyaka ngokuthi ngabe "okhethekile" "Grünkohl" ("Braunkohl") kunomunye wabo kunomunye. UBremen unesiko esidala kunazo zonke. Kusukela ngo-1545 baye babamba umphakathi "Grünkohlessen" (ukudla kwase-dinner).
E-Hereford (eNyakatho Rhine-Westphalia) i-kale isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa isonto laseRadewig esikhundleni sephayini lamagatsha ngesikhathi sesonto lesibili le-Advent. Umqashi washona ngo-1590 AD futhi washiya inhlanhla yakhe esontweni, kodwa wabuza ukuthi umkhosi waminyaka yonke uqhutshwa noMisa, umculo kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa.
Grünkohlessen - Indlela Yokuthola i-Kale Dinner Party
E-Lower Saxony, i-kale ivame ukuphekwa nge- bacon , isiJalimane Kasseler (ham) no- "Pinkel" noma "i-Bregenwurst". I-Pinkel wuhlobo lwesoseji esetshenziswa kuphela nge-kale. Iqukethe i-bacon, i-barley groats, yenkomo yenkomo, i-ngulube yengulube, anyanisi, usawoti, pepper, ne-allspice. Igama elithi "Pinkel" lingavela egameni le-Platte lesiJalimane lenkomo yenkomo, eyasetshenziswa njengama-casings. "I-Bregenwurst" isho isobho lokucwaninga, nakuba lamuhla akukho ubuchopho bezinyosi ezisetshenziselwa isoso. Ngokuvamile kuqukethe ingulube, inyama yengulube, anyanisi, usawoti kanye nopelepele. Zombili izinhlobo ze-sausage zingabhema noma ziphekwe nje. Uma kufakwe phezulu kwe-kale ukushisa, bavame ukugwazwa ngemfoloko ukuvumela ukunambitheka kungene emifinini.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-sausage zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-Lower Saxony. I-West Phalia isebenza ngokubhema "i-Mettwurst" okuyi- sausage enhle noma enkulu-okugaya ingulube (kodwa hhayi i-bacon) , ne-"Kohlwurst," amaphaphu nengulube, isobho elibhemayo elihlotshiswe ngembewu yesinaphi, i-allspice, i-thyme, i-marjoram, ne-anyanisi, njenge kanye nengulube isisu.
I-Jalimane yase-Jalimane ne-Austria ayinawo amakhono azo noma amasiko azo. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukungeza "i-Kochwurst," igama elijwayelekile lomuswakama olwenzelwe izithako zangaphambi kokupheka.
Imifino iphekwe ihora noma ngaphezulu, zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zenyama (i-bacon, ham, kanye nesoseji) zibekwe phezulu kanti yonke isidlo siyasikelwa isikhathi eside. Inani elilinganayo lesikhathi lihluka ngendlu nesifunda. I-Eintopf noma isidlo esisodwa sokudla sidliwa ngamazambane abilisiwe kanti abanye abantu bayabambelela kumazambane, ama-apulabhisi avame ukuphekwa, ahlutshiwe futhi ahlukaniswe, bese ethosiwe ngebhotela noshukela, kuze kube yilapho ingaphandle ibizwa nge-caramelized.
"Kohlfahrt"
I-Kohlfahrt iyindlela yokuhamba enkundleni eqenjini lapho kudla khona isidlo esinzima, se-kale futhi imidlalo eminingi "ejabulisayo" idlalwe, ngokuvamile evame ukuthwala utshwala.
Kuze kube maduzane, lokhu kwakuhamba uhambo lwabesilisa futhi kulesi sigaba somthengisi kuphela. Kusukela ngawo-1800 ngenhlangano yezabasebenzi, izinombolo ezikhulayo ze "Kohlfahrten" zahlelwa. Abesifazane abazange bajoyine la mahambo kuze kube ngu-1920s no-30, okwakungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi njengokuhle.
"I-Boßeln" ne "Klootschießen" yimidlalo efana kakhulu edlalwa ngenkathi ehamba emaphandleni. Ungachaza "i-Boßeln" njengeBocece ibanga elide, umdlalo we-ball-tossing wase-Italy. Abadlali bakhetha umgomo ekuqondeni abahambayo bese bephonsa ibhola kuyo. Umdlali wokuqala noma ithimba lokuthola ibhola lawo endaweni yangakini iwina. Ngezinye izikhathi kunqotshwa ngokuphonsa ibanga elide kakhulu. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwale midlalo, emasimini noma emigwaqweni enezithombe.
Imidlalo yangaphakathi ingafaka phakathi "Schweinerei" (Dlulisa amaPigs) namanye amageyimu noma amakhadi wekhadi. Ngesikhathi "Grünkohlfahrt" inkosikazi noma umbhangqwana wasebukhosini ikhishwa. Umnqobi ukhethwa ngu-1) ivoti lokuthandwa, 2) ukuthi kunesisindo esingakanani ngesikhathi sokudla, noma 3) obani (okungenzeka) banqobe imidlalo eminingi ngesikhathi sokunyuka. Imithetho ephelele yokuwina igcinwa imfihlo futhi akufanele ithathwe ngokubaluleke kakhulu. Inkosi ingabuye ibekwe umqhele ngokuthi ibe ngowokugcina etafuleni. Noma ubani ozuza isihloko nguye ophethe ukuhlela uhambo lomnyaka ozayo.
Kwezinye izingxenye zaseJalimane, lapho kukhona khona ama-kale amaningi, i-"Kohlkönig" (iklabishi inkosi) ihloniphekile esifundeni. Abaningi bezombusazwe banqobile udumo, kuhlanganise noHelutut Kohl eBonn 1984, u-Otto Schilly ngo-1999 eBerlin naseGuido Westerwelle ngokuthi "i-Grünkohlkönig" engu-46 e-Oldenburg.
Ukuthenga i-Kale
Uma uthenga ama-kare, qinisekisa ukuthi amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ku-violet (cishe asundu), aluhlaza, alubanzi futhi alukhulu kakhulu. Kufanele bazizwe behlanya futhi bengenazo izindawo kuzo.
Usebenzisa i-Kale
Ukusebenzisa i-kale ye-kale, ake ithole amanzi amaminithi ambalwa emanzini athile. Lokhu kusiza ukukhulula ukungcola nanoma yiziphi izinambuzane ezingase zihlanganiswe. Susa ama-stalks bese usika amaqabunga abe yizibhande (njenge- chiffonade ) noma izingcezu ezincane. Sebenzisa okuluhlaza, kuma-saladi, ugobile njenge-side side dish, noma uphekwe isikhathi eside ku zokupheka zaseJalimane.
Uma usupheka isikhathi eside, kuzomunuka kakhulu njenge-sulfure noma okufana namaqanda abolile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukupheka kukhulula ama-molecule sulfur emangqamuzana ashukela. Abanye abantu bayakwamukela iphunga, abanye bangalokothi bajwayele.
Isikhathi sokupheka sihamba kahle nebhekoni nokudla okubhema. Esikhathini sokudla saseJalimane, kutholakala ngesinkwa, lwesinaphi, usawoti kanye noshukela. Ngezinye izikhathi i-wholespice noma i-nutmeg yengezwe.
Isitoreji se-Kale
Geza i-kale, yome futhi uyibeke ebhodini yemifino esiqandisini sakho kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbalwa. Qaphela ukuthi uma usilondolozile isikhathi eside, amavithamini amaningi alahlekelwa futhi ushintsho lwephrofayili yalo.
Ukuqhaqhaza
UBlanch emanzini anosawoti amaminithi amabili. Geza kahle ngaphambi kokupakisha nokuqhwaza.
I-Kale inamavithamini aphezulu A no-C no-B6. Ibuye ine-iron, i-phosphorus, i-potassium futhi iphezulu kakhulu e-calcium. Eqinisweni, liphindwe kabili i-calcium kunobisi, i-ounce ngehora ngalinye
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: Kale, Brassica oleracea convar. acéphala var. sabéllica, Blätterkohl, Krauskohl, Fedekohl, Winterkohl, geschlitzter Kohl, i-friesische- noma i-Oldenburger Palme (iklabishi yekhasi, iklabishi ekhanda, iklabishi ekhanda, iklabishi egobile kanye ne-Frisian noma i-Oldenburger palm tree), i-Braunkohl