Ama-oki: Ingxenye Eyinhloko Yebhokisi Lencwadi Ye-Winemaker
Ubuhlobo obunesikhathi eside iwayini ebenakho nge-oak kufanele buphenywe, ikakhulukazi kusukela imiphongolo ye-oak isetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa kwewayini nokuguga iminyaka eminingi. I-Oak isetshenziswe njengokungathi "isisindo" sokwengeza ukunambitheka nokulunywa kwesinkwa iwayini. Iwayini elibiza kakhulu emhlabeni lihlale lijabulela ukuhlanganyela kwabo okuhle kwe-oak entsha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiFulentshi, isiHungary, saseMelika noma abanye, iminikelo yama-oki ishiya uphawu oluhlala njalo kwiwayini le-bottled.
Yimaphi amawayini ajwayelekile?
Izinhlobo zewayini ezibomvu ezivame ukuzuza emthonjeni omuhle we-oki zihlanganisa i- Pinot Noir , i- Cabernet Sauvignon , i-Merlot, i-Pinotage, i-Chianti, i-Zinfandel, i-Nebbiolo, i-Tempranillo, ne-Syrah. Izinhlobonhlobo zewayini ezimhlophe ezamukela ithonya le-oki zihlanganisa iPotot Grigio , Pinot Blanc , uSouvignon Blanc , uSemillon kanye noChardonnay .
Kungani U-Oak Uya Ewayini?
U-Oak unikeza ukunambitheka nokusekelwa okumnandi ewayini ngenkathi enezela okucebile, okubonakalayo okugcwele nokubunzima. Emakhaleni, amathonya amakhulu e-oki athambekele ekumenikeleni ama-aromas asendaweni ejikeleze isikhwama se-spice, nge-clove, i-sinamoni, i-nutmeg, i-vanilla ne- "allspice" yi-aromas evamile etholakala esikhathini sewayini esichithwa e-oki. Ithempelini, ithonya le-oki liphendukela ku-flaam ocebile we-caramel, ukhukhunathi, i-vanilla, isinamoni, i-clove, i-smoke, itiye, i-mocha, i-toffee ne-bhotela.
I-Oak Barrel newayini
I-oak barrel ejwayelekile ithatha amakhilogremu angu-59 noma angama-60 (kuye ngokuthi yikuphi lapho kuboniswa khona - imigoqo yaseBordeaux noma "imigoqo" ibambe amalitha angu-225 noma amamitha angu-59, lapho umgqomo ovela eBurgundy uhlala ngamalitha angu-60 noma ama-228 amalitha).
Njengoba i-oak ngokwemvelo ngokweqile ngokwemvelo, njengoba iwayini lidlula isikhathi emgqonyeni ukuqhuma okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke cishe ngamakhilogremu angaba nguhlanu noma kulahleka ngaleyondlela. Le nqubo yemvelo ibangela ukukhushulwa okwandisa kokubili iphrofayli ye-aromatics ne-flavour. I-oki esetshenziselwa ukwenza imigoqo yewayini ithonywe yizinto eziningi.
Uphi umgqomo kusuka? Yikuphi ukuhlukahluka kwesifunda okwenziwe nge-oki ehlongozwe emahlathini ahlukene? Wawomile kanjani? Kulungiswe kanjani? Yiziphi izindlela ezijwayelekile eziqashwe yi-cooperative eyenza umgqomo?
Izinhlobo ze-Oak ezisetshenziswa ku-Winemaking
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zemigodi yama-oak esetshenziselwa ukunqoba yi-American Oak umgodi nomgodi wase-French Oak. Noma kunjalo, imiphongolo yesiHungary neyesiSlavonian inezinto ezilandelayo nabadlali abathile. Imiphongolo ye-oak yaseMelika ishibhile, ibe nobuningi obukhulu kanye namathangi angaphansi aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-oak yesiFulentshi. Bavame nokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekunambeni kwewayini nasezingxenyeni ezivuthayo, ngokuvamile bafaka ama-vanilla nuances ngephrofayela encane enhle kakhulu kune-oak yesiFulentshi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-oak yesiFulentshi i-"standard standard" yezimayini zewayini, enikeza ama-tanins aphakeme kakhulu nezinkuni ezikhuni ezivame ukungabi nethonya elincane ekugxileni kwewayini le-aromatics ne-flavor kunomgqomo we-oak waseMelika kodwa ziyaziwa ukwandisa jikelele iwayini ubukhona be-palate nokubunzima okungaphakathi.
I-oak yesiFulentshi ingasebenzisa kalula u-$ 1,000 ngomgqomo kuye ngokuthi ihlathi livame futhi i-oak laseMelika liqala cishe u-$ 360 nge-pop. Njengoba lezi zinombolo zingqondweni, kulula ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemali yokutshala izimali zezimali ezenziwe emiphongolweni yabo nokuthi kungani ukhokha ngaphezulu amawayini asebekhulile e-oak entsha.
Ngokuvamile i-winemaker izogxila imiphongolo emisha kwinqubo yokugcina izindleko zomqhubi womthengi nomthengi kunengqondo.
Iyini i-Big Deal ne-Oak "entsha"?
I-newer ibhayili, ithinta kakhulu i-oak ithonya elizoba yiwayini. Njengoba izigqoko zigqoke, imiphongolo ye-oki iyoba nesinambithe esincane sokunikeza iwayini elizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, thatha isikhwama setiyi, uhlulwe ngaphandle ebhokisini, futhi uzothola ukumnika okugcwele-ukunambitheka ngemuva kokugxila emanzini ashisayo, kodwa sebenzisa le teabag efanayo ngesinye isikhathi noma ezimbili futhi indebe ngayinye elandelanayo itiye izoba buthaka isikali sokudla. Ngendlela efanayo, emva kwemigodi emine noma emihlanu, umgqomo usengasetshenziswa njengesitsha "sokubamba," kepha ukunambitheka okuncane kulindeleke ukuba kwenziwe ewayini. Uzobona iwayini elisho ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yewayini ikhulile ku-oki "elisha", ukunikeza ukunambitheka nokunyusa ukwedlulela kwewayini, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ezinye izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zewayini zazikhulile oak odala bese ihlangene ndawonye ngaphambi kokufaka ibhodlela.
Lokhu ngokuphumelelayo kulondoloza izindleko zomgqomo, ngenkathi useza umlingisi othile we-oak ewayini.
I-Oak Toasting
Ngemuva kohlobo lwe-oki likhethwa ukuthi i-winemaker izokhipha isinqumo ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokugcoba ukudla okufanele isitayela sewayini. Ukukhwabanisa ngamapulangwe kungaba lula, okuphakathi noma okunzima, okuyi-toast elula okugcina ezinye ze-oak esekelwe esakhiweni se-ovini nokukhwabanisa okunamandla noma okuphazamisa okwenzela ama-oaky amaningi kanye nama-nuances aphuzayo ewayini. Ngokwandisa ukukhwabanisa komgqomo, uzothuthukisa ngempumelelo ithonya le-oki embala wewayini, iphunga, ukunambitheka nesitayela esiningi.
Izwi Mayelana nama-Oak Chips newayini
Kuyinto engavamile kubagibeli be-winemakers ukugqoka umgqomo ngokuphelele futhi basebenzise "i-oak chips" ukuze "isizini" iwayini. Lezi chips zinciphisa izindleko futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa noma isigaba sokuguga kwenqubo yokuwina. I-chick chips ivela ezinhlobonhlobo zamafomu kanye nama-flavour futhi empeleni izosheshisa inqubo ye-oak ukunambitheka ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-oak nokuningi okuxhumana nabo newayini. Ama-chips e-Oak afakwa esikhwameni esifana nesimanga bese "ephakeme" (efana nesikhwama setiyi) esitini. Kusukela ngo-2006 kuphela, ukuthi ama-oak chips avunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuthi asetshenziswe ku-Old World winemaking.
U-Oak udlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo yokuncintisana ngezinhlobo eziningi ezithandwayo nezinhlanganisela zewayini. Kodwa-ke, enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokubona amathonya e-oki kuhlangothini olunezinhlangothi ezihlukene zokunambitha iwayini. I-Chardonnay ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezilula ukukwenza lokhu kuyingxenye yokunambitha, njengoba abaningi abasebenzisa i-winemakers basebenzisa inqwaba ye-oki ukuze bakhiphe amanothi amnandi, amabhonasi abasebenzisi abaningi abaye balindela kusuka ku-Chardonnay. Vele uthathe ibhodlela le-Chardonnay eligcwele kahle kanye ne-Chardonnay "eyaziwa" (ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Chardonnay "eyaziwa" noma "ehambayo") futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kokunambitheka kokubili. Ngomshini oqoshiwe, kufanele ukwazi ukubona amathonya amakhulu e-oki kumanothi agwetshiwe, aqoshiwe ngokuvamile avame ukuholela ekugcineni okuthakazelisayo, kwephethri. Nge-version eqoshiwe yeChardonnay, uzobona izithelo ezihlukahlukene ezihlanzekile ezihlukahlukene - mhlawumbe zihambisana ne-peach, i-apula noma i-pear, nezithelo ezifudumele ezishisayo uma zisuka esifundeni esishisayo.