I-chocolate ingaba ukudla okujwayele futhi isithako esivamile, kodwa igama elithi "ushokolethi" lingasho izinto ezihlukahlukene. Igama elilodwa elilula lihlanganisa konke kusuka ushokoledi omnandi, omnandi omhlophe oshokoledi omnyama kakhulu, futhi konke okuphakathi. Ngakho iyiphi i-chocolate, ivelaphi, futhi zonke izinhlobo ze-chocolate zisho ukuthini ?
Ukufingqiwe Okufushane kweShokolethi
I-Chocolate, njengoba siyazi njalo, ingumkhiqizo wenqubo yokucwenga ende eqala ngesithelo (ubhontshisi wekhola) wesihlahla se-tropical Theobroma ukhokho .
Amabhontshisi avutshiwe, omisiwe, agwetshiwe, nomhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, imikhiqizo eyabangela ihlanganisa ubhotela we-cocoa, amafutha abushelelezi, aqinile asetshenziselwa kokudla nezimonyo, kanye ne-chocolate, noma ubhontshisi obusikiwe obunomhlabathi.
Izinhlobo zekholethi ezivela kule nqubo yokuhlanza zithathwa ngamanani ahlukahlukene we-cocoa ibhotela ne-chocolate ushukela oqukethe, kanye nesamba ushukela nanoma yiziphi ezinye izithako ezongezwe kwinhlanganisela.
Umhlahlandlela wezinhlobo ze Chocolate
Lo mhlahlandlela omfishane wezinhlobo zekholethi uzolulaza amagama amaningi we-chocolate, futhi ikusize ukhethe uhlobo oluphelele lomshokolethi ukuthola iresiphi yakho.
Iphunga le-cocoa: Le powder engasetshenzisiwe i-pulverized, i-ushokoledi ephoswe kancane kancane. I-cocoa powder inikeza ukunambitheka okukhulu kwe-chocolate futhi itholakala ku- "Dutch-processed" (alkalized) noma izinhlobo zemvelo. I-cocoa powder yemvelo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nge-flavour eqinile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-chocolate. I-acidic kancane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa i-cookie yemvelo powder ekuphekeni ukubiza i-baking soda. I-Alkalized powder powder inombala obumnyama, awunamacimbi, futhi unomdlavuza we-chocolate onamandla. I-Alkalized powder powder Kunconywa ukuba uthole izindlela zokupheka ezibiza ikhofi yokubhaka.
Ushokoledi olungenaswidi: Uyaziwa nangokuthi "okubabayo" noma "ukubhaka" ushokoledi. Lokhu kuyiphuzo elimhlophe lokushokolethi, elihlanganiswe kuphela ngama-cocoa ubhontshisi. Nakuba kubonakala futhi kunuka njengothokolethi, kunomusa omubi futhi akuhloselwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela-kusetshenziselwa ukupheka lapho kuhlanganiswa noshukela ukwenza kube lula kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ubhontshisi be-cocoa aqukethe inani elilinganayo le-cocoa ibhotela kanye ne-cocoa solids, ushokoledi ongasetshenzisiwe unikeza i-chocolate flavour ejulile, ecebile kwizinto ezibhaka. Ushokoledi olungenasiphundu yilona isithako esiyisisekelo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zekholethi, ngaphandle kwechocolatele emhlophe.
Ushokoledi omnyama: Ushokoledi oqukethe ushokoledi utshwala, ushukela, i-cocoa ibhotela, i-vanilla ne-lecithin (i-emulsifier) .Akunakho ubisi obisiziwe obuswelethile omnyama. Okuqukethwe kwe-cocoa yamabhasela we-chocolate emnyama angabuka ngamaphesenti angu-30 (amnyama amnyama) kuya kumaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangu-80 emiphongolweni emnyama kakhulu. Ushokoledi omnandi kanye ne-ushokoledi omnandi omuncu nawo awela esigabeni "somshokolethi omnyama".
Ushokoledi onzima: I- Chocolate, njengoba ichazwe yi-FDA, equkethe okungenani amaphesenti angu-35 e-cocoa solids. Imigoqo eminingi enobuthi iqukethe okungenani amaphesenti angu-50 ushokoledi utshwala, neminye imigoqo iqhuma u-70-80% ushokoledi utshwala. Le tshokoledi kaningi ilunambitheka ejulile, ebabayo kunamabha amnandi noma amaminithi amnandi. Kodwa-ke, inani le-ushukela ku-ushokolethi alilawulwa, ngakho-ke ibha ye "umfutho" womkhiqizi ingase ifande kunomusa kunomunye "ibha yomunandi" wesinye.
Ishokoledi enemi-sweet: Lokhu ngokuyinhloko igama leMelika, eliphakanyiswa yi-Nestle Toll House semi-sweet chocolate chips. Ushokoledi onemi-sweet uqukethe okungenani ama-35% we-cocoa solids futhi ucatshangwa ukuthi ubumnyama kunokushokoledi omnyama omuhle, kodwa kunomnandi ngaphezu kokudabukisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kwemithethonqubo mayelana nokuqukethwe kokushukela kusho ukuthi lezi zigaba zihambisana futhi azihambisani nemikhiqizo.
Ushokoledi omnyama omnyama: "ushokoledi omnyama" ngomqondo wokuthi awuqukethe ubisi obisi, kodwa usenayo iphesenti ephakeme yoshukela futhi uhle kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zekholethi emnyama. Imikhiqizo eminingi ye-chocolate enomsoco omnyama inama-cocoa angu-20 kuya kwangu-40 kuphela.
I-chocolate yamanki: Ngaphezu kokuqukatha ibhotela le-cocoa ne-chocolate, utshokolethi ubisi lunamabele amaningi (izinhlobo eziningi zaseYurophu) noma ubisi obomile obumile. I-chocolate yamanzi kufanele ibe okungenani amaphesenti angu-10 kotholeti (e-United States), amaphesenti angu-3.39 we-butterfat, nama-solids angu-12 ekhulwini lobisi. Ama-chocolate omncuba amnandi kakhulu kunomshokoledi omnyama futhi abe nombala ogqamile futhi kunambitheka encane yokushokoledi. I-chocolate yamanki kunzima kakhulu ukuthukuthela kahle futhi kusetshenziswe ukushisa .
Ushokoledi Omhlophe: Ushokoledi omhlophe uthola igama lakhe ebhokisini le-cocoa eliqukethe, kodwa aliqukethe utshwala we-chocolate noma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo we-cocoa. Ngenxa yalokho, ayinayo i-chocolate ukunambitheka kepha ngokuvamile iyakuthanda njenge-vanilla noma amanye ama-flavorings engeziwe. Ngokomthetho, ushokoledi omhlophe kufanele ube ne-bhotela ye-cocoa engamaphesenti angama-20, ama-solids angu-14 ekhulwini, kanye neshukela elingamaphesenti angama-55. Kukhona imikhiqizo "emhlophe ye-chocolate" etholakalayo equkethe amafutha yemifino esikhundleni sebhokisi le-cocoa-lezi kufanele zigwemeke endleleni yokubona, njengoba zingenayo imikhiqizo ye-cocoa nhlobo, futhi akuyona i-chocolate emhlophe.
I-chocolate ye-Couverture: Okusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi abapheki be-bakers noma abafake iziqu, le tshokolethi iqukethe amaphesenti aphakeme kakhulu (okungenani amaphesenti angu-30) ebhotela le-cocoa, kanye nephesenti eliphezulu le-chocolate. Lesi silinganiso esiphezulu senza kube kubi, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi ushokoledi ophumela kulesisindo futhi uyancibilika ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganayo. Chocolate chocolate yi-chocolate ekhethwayo yokugcoba nokugcoba ama-candies. Kufika ebumnyameni, ubisi, nezinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe, futhi zingathengwa ku-intanethi noma ezitolo zokuhlobisa ikhekhe kahle.
I-Gianduja ushokoledi: iGianduja igama elinikezwa isimbole seYurophu esenziwe nge-chocolate ne-nut paste. I-hazelnut unamathela kakhulu, kodwa i-gianduja nayo ingenziwa nge-almond. Iza ngobisi noma izinhlobo ze-chocolate zemnyama. I-chocolate ye-Gianduja ingasetshenziswa njenge- flavouring noma esikhundleni somsoco noma ushokoledi omnyama. Ekamelweni lokushisa, ithambeka ngokwanele ukugoqa noma ukusika kodwa isithambile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ukubunjwa ama-chocolate.
"Ukugqoka amakhandlela" ushokoledi: Eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-confectionery," "ukugqoka ihlobo," noma "ukugqoka okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali." Le migomo ibhekisela emikhiqizo ye-candy ehlotshiswe ngobisi obumnyama, ubisi noma ushokoledi omhlophe kanye namafutha emifino noma amaqabunga e-buttercock . Le mikhiqizo ishibhile kunama-chocolates amaningi, futhi ayinamanani amaningi okwekholethi; ngakho-ke, abanalo i-flavour eqinile ye-chocolate noma i-mouthfeel ekhangayo. Kodwa-ke, zinezici ezincibilika kakhulu zokuqhaqhazela futhi zakhiwa ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-candy ukuze zidibanise noma zixube, ngoba azidingi ukuzula futhi zingakwazi ukumelana namazinga aphezulu okushisa. Qaphela ukuthi ungalokothi uhlanganise ingubo ye-candy ne-chocolate yangempela, njengoba amafutha angahambelani futhi i-candy ephumela kuyo ngeke ibe yinto engathandeki futhi ivuliwe.