Ama-soya ayinhlobonhlobo yebhontshisi edaywayo eyaziwa ngokuthi ubhontshisi we-soya noma iGlycine max . Ama-soya nawo ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi i-edamame, nakuba leli gama livame ukugcinwa ngama-soybe angakapheli noma isidlo esenziwe ngama-soybe angakazalwa. Lokhu kubhontshisi kuvela e-East Asia, kodwa manje sekutshalwa futhi kudliwe emhlabeni kabanzi. Imikhiqizo ye-soya isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa komuntu, ukudla kwezilwane, nokudla okungekho kokudla kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni.
Isondlo Soybean
Ama-soybean amaqanda ayingozi kakhulu kubantu ngenxa ye-trypsin inhibitors ngokwemvelo. Lezi zimakhemikhali zibhujiswa ukushisa, ngakho-ke ama-soybean kufanele aphekwe ngokushisa okumanzi (ukuwasha, ukupheka, ukugcoba, njll) ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Enye indebe yama-soybe evuthiwe iqukethe amakholori angu-298, ama-gramu angu-15 amafutha, amagremu angu-17 ama-carbohydrate, ama-gramu angu-10 e-fiber, nama-gramu angu-29 amaprotheni. Ama-soya ahlinzeka wonke ama-amino acid ayisishiyagalolunye abalulekile futhi ngakho-ke abhekwa njengeprotheni ephelele. Ama-soya angomunye wemithombo embalwa esetshenziselwa isitshalo seprotheyini ephelele futhi iphansi kakhulu emafutheni amaningi kanye ne-cholesterol, okwenza kube yindawo engcono yokufaka imithombo yamaprotheni asekelwe ezilwaneni.
Ama-soya nawo ayimithombo enhle kakhulu yensimbi, enye indebe yama-soybeya avuthiwe ehlinzeka ngamanani angu-49% wezincomo zansuku zonke. Ama-soya nawo angumthombo omuhle kakhulu wezinye izakhi, njenge-potassium, ama-manganese, i-phosphorus, ne-selenium.
Imikhiqizo yeSoybean
Ama-soya abe yindawo yokudla okuyisisekelo ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imikhiqizo eyehlukene yenziwe ngokusebenzisa ama-soya, evumela abantu ukuba bajabulele izitsha eziningi ezahlukene. Ngezansi kukhona eminye imikhiqizo evame kakhulu eyenziwa nge-soya.
I-soy sauce
I-Sauce ye- Sauce yi-extract ekhangayo kakhulu yesikhumba se-soya enothileyo.
Umbhede we-soya uvinjiwe kanye nezinhlamvu ezigaxiwe kanye ne-brine ekhethekile bese ucindezelwa ukukhipha umsi omnyama, usawoti omuncu. Le sauce yi-condiment evamile kanye nesithako ema-cuisines ase-Asia.
Tofu
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-soybean curd, i- tofu yenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ubisi lwe-soy bese ucindezela ukususa uketshezi. I-Tofu iyinhlanganisela evamile yokudla kwase-Asia futhi ine-flavour neutral engasetshenziswa kokubili izitsha ezinomsoco nezithakazelisayo. I-Tofu inamaprotheni amaningi futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengendawo esikhundleni senyama.
Amafutha Yemifino
Ama-soya anokuqukethwe kwamafutha aphezulu emafutheni angaba ngu-20%. Cishe ama-85% ama-soybean akhule emhlabeni jikelele asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-vegetable odayiswa kubathengi noma asetshenziselwa ukuhweba.
Soy Milk
Ubisi lwe-Soy luyisiphuzo esiphakeme samaprotheni okwenziwa ngokufaka ama-soybean bese uwagwinya ngamanzi ukudala i-emulsion yamafutha, amaprotheni namanzi. Ngama-protein namanoni afana nobisi obisi, ubisi lwe-soy luyisimiso esivamile kulabo abagwema ukudla imikhiqizo yezilwane noma i-lactose engavumi.
I-Tempeh
I-Tempe iyimkhiqizo enobisi e -fermented eyenziwe ngokuhlakulela amaqebelengwane e-soybean acindezelweyo. Ngokungafani ne-tofu, amaqebelengwane e-tempeh akwenziwa ngayo yonke i-soya, kunokuba i-curd ekhishwe. I-Tempe ivulekile kakhulu futhi iqukethe amavithamini amaningi nezakhi.
I-Bean Curd enothileyo
Ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi i-tofu ushizi, i-curd ye-bean eqoshiwe yenziwa ngokuvumela i-curd ekhishwe (noma tofu) ekhishwe. I-curd ye-bean evundiwe ngokuvamile inezinye izithako ezongezwe kuso, njenge-brine, i-oli, uviniga, noma amanye ama-flavorings.
Iprotheyini Yemifino Yemifino (TVP)
Lona ngumkhiqizo wokukhipha amafutha avela kumasiya, okushiya umkhiqizo omkhulu wokuqukethwe kwamaphrotheni ngemuva. I-TVP ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo esikhundleni senyama noma inyama ye-meat njengoba ine-protein enezinga elifanayo nokuthungwa. Uma i-TVP isesimweni sayo esomile, sineshalofu esandisiwe livela ngaphezu konyaka.
Soy Flour
Ufulawa we-Soy wenziwa ngokugaya noma ukugaya ama soybeya anomisiwe futhi agwetshiwe. Lokhu kufulawa kukhululekile futhi kungenziwa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene amafutha. Ufulawa we-Soy uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sefulawa wekolweni kubantu abakhethiweyo be-gluten, nakuba kuveza umkhiqizo omningi kakhulu ngenxa yokungabi nalutho kwe-gluten.
Lesi sici esinyene, nomswakama ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi ngamanye amakhekhe kanye namaqebelengwane, afana nama-brownies.