U-Reinheitsgebot , owaziwa nangokuthi uMthetho waseBavaria Purity Purity noMthetho waseBavaria Ingredient Beer, wasungulwa ngo-1516 ukuze amabhiya kuphela ayenziwe ngezithako ezintathu kuphela - izinhlanzi, ubisi lwebhali kanye namanzi (imvubelo yayingakaziwa ngaleso sikhathi) - yavunyelwa ukuba kubhalwe " ubhiya " waseJalimane ohlanzekile futhi kufanelekile ukuphuza. Phela, ubhiya babhekwa njengokudla okuyisisekelo ngaleso sikhathi.
Lo mthetho usetshenziselwa ukukhangisa ubhiya ngisho nanamuhla.
I-Gebraut nach dem Reinheitsgebo t (i-brewed ngokusho komthetho wokuhlanzeka) noma i- 500 Jahre Münchner Reinheitsgebot (iminyaka engama-500 kaMunich umthetho wokuhlanzeka) ibonakala ngokuziqhenya ngamabhodlela ebhiya nasezikhangisweni.
Ngaphandle kombuzo wokuthi kungani ufuna ukunciphisa izithako zakho zobhiya, ungase uzibuze ukuthi ngabe lo ngumthetho wokuqala mayelana nobhiya owake wabhalwa eJalimane futhi kusekhona ezincwadini.
Futhi impendulo cha, kokubili.
Ukubuka kuqala kweReinheitsgebot, uMthetho we-Purity waseBavaria
Umthetho we-Purity Law of Beer wadluliselwa ngo-Ephreli 23, 1516, e-Ingolstadt Landständetag , umhlangano nabamele abahlonishwayo, izithunywa ezivela edolobheni nasemakethe, nasezikhungweni zesonto. Lo mthetho yisona isizathu segama elihle lobhiya waseJalimane.
Inguqulo yanamuhla yeReinheitsgebot akuyona umzamo wokuqala wokuqondisa ukukhiqiza ubhiya. Kodwa-ke, kubhekwa njengezinga eliphezulu leminyaka eyikhulu leminyaka yokuthuthukiswa kokulawula okuhlose ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi ngebhizinisi elihle, ngokudla ngesikhathi, ngenkathi kulawulwa amanani.
Imithetho Yobhiya Ayikho Into Entsha
Ukukhokha ekudaleni imithetho ngokuphathelene nobhiya kwakwenziwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kweBayrische Reinheitsgebot ngo-1516. I-Augsburg idlula eyodwa ngo-1156, eNuremberg ngo-1293, eMunich ngo-1363 no-Regensburg ngo-1447. Kwakukhona neminye imithetho eminingi yentengo kanye nemithetho yokukhiqiza eyadluliselwa engxenyeni yokugcina ikhulu le-15 nelekuqala leminyaka le-16.
Incazelo yekhonkrithi mayelana nezithako ezithile eziluhlaza - amanzi, i-malt, ne-hops - ekwenzeni ubhiya kwaqunywa eMunich ngoNovemba 30, 1487, nguDuke Albrecht IV.
Esinye isandulela ngokuqondile emthethweni we-1516 kwakuyi-1493 Duchy ye-Lower Bavaria Beer Decree eyabhalwa uMdluzi George waseBavaria, okwakunciphisa izithako zobhiya kumalt, hops, namanzi. Umthetho wawunezindima ezilandelana kakhulu ezibeka intengo lapho ibhiya lingathengiswa khona. Lo mthetho wasungulwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamizi zinebhizinisi elihle ngenani elihle, kodwa futhi nokuvikela okusanhlamvu okusetshenziswe kangcono ekubheni isinkwa.
Ukuvikelwa kwabathengi
Umgangatho ophezulu wekhwalithi ngaleso sikhathi usuvele uhlangene nomqondo wokuvikelwa kwabathengi. Ubhiya phakathi nesikhathi esiPhakathi kwakusatshalaliswa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithako ezishintsha ukunambitheka kwawo noma zinezidakamizwa ezidakayo ngenkathi zihlaziya izithako ezibizayo. I-Malt kanye / noma i-hops, nemiphumela enobuthi ayingacatshangwa.
Ngo-1486, isimemezelo seBrewing Ordung des Bräuens , sase sisho ukuthi "U- sollen ... u- Wurzeln , umshayeli weZermetat noch anderes , noma ngabe uMenschen schädlich noma ngu- Krankheit und Wehtagen ukuletha umonakalo , angabe esebenzile ." Ngamanye amazwi, "...
ayikho izimpande [...] ezithinta noma eziletha ukugula noma ubuhlungu kumuntu, zingasetshenziswa. "
Ngaphambi kuka-1516, abaphangi baseJalimane abanemithetho enemigomo yabo eqinile babe nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yobhiya, kodwa u-Reinheitsgebot washintsha lokho. AbaseBavaria bavusa ngokushesha ikhwalithi yabo yomkhiqizo futhi abanye bacabanga ukuthi badlulela izinhlangano eziyinyakatho.
Izindlela ezimbili zomthetho weBhiya
Enyakatho yeJalimane NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ubhiya wamukelwa njengesidlo esiyisisekelo sokudla kwabakhamuzi. Yayilawulwa yimithetho yombuso futhi yavikelwa ngempumelelo kubaphathi nasebandleni. Imithethonqubo yokukhiqiza ubhiya yayinqunywe uhulumeni wedolobha nezinhlangano.
Engeningizimu yeJalimane, ababusi bendawo babenethonya elikhulu emithethweni yezinyosi. Lokhu kwakungumthetho wokuhlanzeka ngoba wangena ngokushesha kulo lonke iBavaria.
Ikhwalithi ephezulu yebhiya ephungulwe ngemuva kwalesi sigaba yaqala ukusebenza yenza abantu abaningi baluhloniphekile, ababeziqhenya kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izithako ezintathu kuphela, futhi umthetho wobumsulwa waqhubeka ulandelwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Izintela kufanele Zifinyelele Kulo Mthetho
Ngo-1871, i- Reichstag (iphalamende laseJalimane) yabeka imithetho ehlanganisa nezintela ebhiya, kodwa lapho umthetho ochazwe khona wavumela izithako (isitashi, ushukela, isiraphu, nelayisi), benza okuhlukile eBavaria, eBaden naseWürttemberg, ukuze ukulondoloza iReinheitsgebot yabo.
Umthetho wokuhlanzeka okokuqala waqala ukubopha eNyakatho Jalimane ngo-1906. Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe I, lapho iRiphabhuliki ye-Weimar isungulwa, iBavaria yenqaba ukuba yingxenye yayo ngaphandle kokuba imithetho yobungcwele iphumelele kuzo zonke izindawo zezwe. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, iReinheitsgebot yabhalwa ku- Biersteuergesetz , noma umthetho wentela ka-1952.
Leli fomu lomthetho lahlala kwaze kwaba ngo-1987 lapho inkantolo yaseYurophu yeNkantolo Yomthetho iphoqa iJalimane ukuba iguqule umthetho ukuvumela ukuhweba mahhala eYurophu, njengoba umthetho wokuhlanzeka wawubonakala njengohlobo lokuvikela. Noma kunjalo, iziphuzo eziningi zihambisana nomthetho omdala futhi zikhangise iqiniso.