Uma ucabangela ukupheka inyama yokudla iholide, kungase kudideke ngokuthi yikuphi uhlobo olufanele ukuthenga ngalo. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hams ezithengiswa ezimakethe, futhi izinga lihluka, kuye ngokuthi lilungiselelwe kanjani futhi liphekwe.
Izinhlobo zikaHamu
UHamu umlenze ongemuva ongemuva (rump kuya shank) we-hog, egcinwa ngokubhema okomile noma okuphulukisayo. UHam ukhiqizwa emhlabeni ngokugxila ezintweni ezikhethekile zamasiko, isibonelo, prosciutto, speck noma jamon serrano .
Ukuphilisa u-Ham kungaba izinyanga ezingu-8 kuya eminyakeni emibili. I ham engelapheki iyinhlanzi entsha .
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zohamu ngokuvamile ezidayiswa e-United States: ham nomuzi ham.
Idolobha lomuzi liye labhapathizwa noma lajozwa nge-brine eyakhiwa ngamanzi, usawoti, phosphates, nitrites futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ushukela. (Ama-nitites engeza umbala nokuvutha.) Iningi lama-hams athengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu lijoqwe ngesisombululo se-brine, esandisa isisindo somzimba futhi sivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane. I-ham iyabiliswa noma ifakwe futhi ihlanganiswe ukuze ithengiswe.
Izwe lezwe liye lome-lucwiliswa ngosawoti kanye ne-nitrate futhi likhulile izinyanga eziningana kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, kuye ngokuthi isisindo nesinamafutha. Abahlale bebhema njalo, nakuba uVirginia ham noma uSmithfield ham, ngencazelo, ubhema futhi asebekhulile iminyaka engaphansi kwezingu-6. (USmithfield weqiniso uvela emahlathini aphethwe yi-peanut.) Inyama yezwe ham dryer ekuthunjweni futhi obomvu kakhulu embala kanye saltier kunohlu lomuzi.
Ukuphilisa okunomile kuphelisa umswakama ngaphakathi kwehhafu futhi kunciphise isisindo salo ngamaphesenti angu-20.
Izithasiselo zamanzi
I-USDA inzima ngokucacile ngokuthi kufanele yini ukuba i-ham ibhalwe khona ukuze idayise ngokunembile lokho ham. Uma uthengisa i-ham, funda ngokucophelela ilebula ukuze ugweme ukuthenga ham (noma ham umkhiqizo) ngephesenti ngokweqile kwamanzi wanezela.
Njengomthetho jikelele, ngaphezulu kwamanzi okungeziwe, ukunambitheka okuncane kunayo enayo. Nazi izincazelo ze-USDA zendlela u-ham obhalwe ngayo:
- I-Ham ebilisiwe : Ayinamahloni futhi ayiphekwe ngokugcwele emanzini futhi ahlotshiswe ngezimo ezihlukahlukene enqeni noma ekhunjini.
- Hamu : Umlenze ophulukisiwe wengulube onamaprotheni angaphansi kuka-20.5. Amanzi angeziwe avunyelwe, ngenxa yenqubo yokuphulukisa, kodwa kufanele afakwe ohlwini ngokulandelana kwezidakamizwa.
- UHam Ngezijoka Zemvelo : Amaprotheni angaphansi kuka-18.5% namaphesenti angu-7 noma angu-8 angeze amanzi. Izinhlobo ezingekho boneless zixinyiwe ngokuqinile futhi ziphinde zifakwe kabusha zibe yizimo ze-oval.
- UHam - Amanzi ahlanganisiwe: amaprotheni angu-17 amaphesenti anamanzi angu-10 anesisindo, okusho ukuthi amanzi afakwe kwisisindo sika ham esiphelele.
- UHamu noMkhiqizo Wamanzi : Ungakwazi ukuqukatha noma yiliphi inani lamanzi angeziwe kanye nezithasiselo, iphesenti yalo okumelwe lichazwe ngokubhalisa kunoma iyiphi inyama enamathini enamaprotheni angaphansi kuka-17.
UHam Terminology
Amasheya angathengiswa njengabantu bonke (abasebenzela abantu abangafika ku-20), okubandakanya i- butt (ingxenye engenhla yomlenze) ne- shank (i-ankle), noma njengesiqingatha somuntu ngamunye (ukhonza abantu abangu-12) noma i- shank isigamu (ukhonza u-10 kubantu abangu-12). I-butt ilukhuni kakhulu ukudweba, kodwa inyama yayo inomusa futhi inambitheka kune-shank.
Amadamu angathambo -ngaphakathi (ithambo lenezela ukunambitheka okukhulu kunyama), ama-s emi-boneless (isifuba se-hip sisusiwe), okwenza kube nzima ukugqoka futhi kungabi naso . Qaphela ekukhetheni inhlanzi engenalutho, njengoba izinhlanzi zenyama ezivela enkonzweni yokubhonana zingagxiliwe ndawonye bese ziguqulwa zibe ngesimo se-cylindrical.
I-USDA ichaza imikhiqizo ethile ham kanje:
- I-Hickory-Smoked : I-ham ephilisiwe ebhemayo ilenga phezu kwama-hickory chips e-smokehouse. Kodwa-ke, ukubhema ngumsila wokushisa nokushisa okuvuthiwe kuvunyelwe.
- Uju-Uphululiwe : Ubusi kufanele bube yiGreyidi C noma ngenhla noma buqukethe ama-solids angu-80. Uju lungaba yi-agent epholile kuphela noma ehlanganiswe nengaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-50 enye i-agent ekhangayo. Uju lungasetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukunambitheka nokubala umkhiqizo we ham.
- I-Sugar-Cured : Iphuzozwe umquba noma ushukela we-beet noma inhlanganisela enye i-agent epholile engaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-50 esamba soshukela esetshenziswayo. I-ham ingabuye ibhalwe ngokuthi i-sugar-cured uma ushukela ukwanele ukunambitheka noma umbala i-ham.
- Ukupheka Ngokugcwele : I-ham isiphekwe ngokugcwele ekusungulweni lapho kusetshenzwe khona. Kungadliwa ngaphandle kwephakheji noma kuvuselelwe ku-145 ° F. Iphinde ibhalwe ngokuthi "ukulungele ukudla" futhi "udle futhi usebenze".
- Ukupheka Ngaphambi Kokudla : I-ham ayizange iphekwe noma iphathwe ukushisa endaweni yokucubungula futhi idinga ukuphekwe ekushiseni kwangaphakathi kuka-145 ° F ngaphambi kokudla.