Esinye sezici zokudla ubuthi akuyona nje ukukhula kwebhaktheriya ekudleni kodwa izidakamizwa ezingakwazi ukukhiqiza njengoba zikhula. Nakuba ukupheka okuphelele kuzobhubhisa ama-bacteria uma nje kungenakuningi okwenziwe ngokweqile, ukushisa ngeke kubhubhise izidakamizwa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kanye ne-toxins esilandelayo ukulandela imiyalelo efanele yokuphatha : gcina inyama ebanda, geza izandla zakho nanoma yikuphi ubuso oxhumana nenyama eluhlaza, ungalokothi ubeke inyama ephekiwe endizeni ebambe inyama eluhlaza, bese upheka ukudla kokushisa okuphephile kwangaphakathi.
Kuhlukile komthetho jikelele ukuthi isiqandisini sinciphisa ukukhula kwamagciwane: Listeria monocytogenes, amabhaktheriya abangela ukugula okukhulu, angakhula emazingeni okushisa kwamaqandisini. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlanza ukuphahlaza efrijini ngokushesha. Pheka ngokuphelele izinkukhu nezinkukhu zibe ngu-160 F bese uhlola ngeshemu lokushisa. Izinja ezishisayo kanye nezinkukhu ezidliwayo ziyizinkinga ikakhulukazi ngamabhaktheriya, yingakho uhulumeni ekhuthaza abesifazane abakhulelwe nalabo abasemaqenjini abengozi kakhulu ukuthi bagweme lezo zokudla kanye noshizi olunomsoco , izilwane zasolwandle ezibhemayo, i-pate, nenyama isakazeka.
Ingemuva kumaBhaktheriya
Amabhaktheriya akhona kukho konke. Akunakwenzeka ukugwema ngokuphelele amabhaktheriya. Amanye amabhaktheriya asiza thina kanye nezinye izinhlobo zilimaza kakhulu. Ibhaktheriya eliyingozi esifuna ukunciphisa ukudla esikudlayo.
Ama-bacteria akhule kakhulu emazingeni okushisa ephakathi kuka-40 F no-140 F. Aphindaphinda ngokushesha kakhulu kulawo mazinga okushisa e-strata ekahle - okungukuthi, ukudla okunokupheka okunjengenyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukudla okungahleliwe esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-40 F.
Esikhathini samazinga okushisa esiqandisini, okungukuthi, ama-32 F kuya kuma-40 F, amabhaktheriya angakwazi ukukhula, kodwa lokho kukhula kuncipha kakhulu. Yingakho kufanele usebenzise ukudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwesikhashana esithile, ngokuvamile izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3, ngisho nalapho zifriji kahle.
Njengoba amabhaktheriya ekhula, angakwazi ukukhiqiza i-toxins engakhutshaziwe, noma engabi nengozi, ngokushisa. I-C. botulinum yiyona edume kakhulu kunalawo ma-bacteria; i-toxin cishe iyingozi. Kodwa njengoba lezo zingqimba zikhula endaweni ye-anaerobic (oksijini-empofu), ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokudla okusemathinini noma ukudla okugcinwe ngamafutha.
Amanye amabhaktheriya, afana ne-Staphylococcus aureus, enza uketshezi oluzinzile oshisa ukushisa olukhathazayo. I-Salmonella idala ukugula, hhayi nge-toxin, kodwa amabhaktheriya ngokwayo.
Lezi zinyosi azikhiqizwa ngokushesha ngama-bacteria kodwa zingathatha amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku ukuthuthukisa. Ukuphatha ngokufanele nokugcina kahle ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi kuyonciphisa ingozi yalezi zinhlayiya.
Isiqandisiso Ngesikhathi Ukudliwa Kwezilwane
Uma nje inyama isifriji kahle ngenkathi ihamba, akudingeki wenze iqoqo elihlukile le-marinade ukuze lisebenze njenge-sauce. Ezimweni zokushisa eziqandisini, kuthatha amahora angu-12 ukuze amabhaktheriya owodwa abe amabhaktheriya amabili. Kukhona ithuba elincane lokuthi amakhemikhali anele angakhiwa kuleso sikhahla sokwenza umuntu agula.
Futhi uma i-marinade iphezulu emazandeni amakhemikhali, njengoba iningi likhona, ukukhula kwebhaktheriya kuzocinywa ngenxa ye-pH ephansi. Hlanganisa leyo ndawo ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nezinyama zakho zokudoba zizophephile.
Uma i-marinade iqukethe i-toxin, isivele yinyama ophekayo futhi ukushisa ngeke kukhubaze. Uma ngabe lokho okukhathazeka nge-toxins ukuthi amabhaktheriya akhiqize, ukhetho lwakho olungcono lungaba ukugwema ukudla inyama, isikhathi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ukudla okungu-100% kuzoba ngu-100% ephephile isikhathi esithile. Uma ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokudla okunobuthi, ngisho noma uphatha ukudla ngendlela ephephile nangendlela efanele, ugijima ithuba lokungajabuli ukudla.
Ukuqapha Ukuphepha
Njalo, uhlale uhambisa inyama esiqandisini. Uma ufuna ukuphepheka, ngisho noma uhamba emaminithini angu-20 ukuya kwangu-30, faka inyama efrijini. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi inyama eluhlaza nama marinade azihlangani nanoma yikuphi ukudla okuzodliwa okuluhlaza, njengezithelo nemifino.
Futhi khumbula ukubilisa i-marinade egcinwe imizuzu emibili kuya kwemi-3 ngaphambi kokukhonza.
Letha i-marinade emathunjini avulekayo angeke agxilwe phansi. Futhi sebenzisa i-spoon entsha ukukhonza i-marinade eshisayo. Uma ufuna ukuphepheka kakhulu, cwina i-marinade imizuzu engu-15.
Amaqembu aphezulu kakhulu
Kodwa-ke, uma unomuntu eqenjini eliphakeme kakhulu engozini (izingane, asebekhulile, abesifazane abakhulelwe, labo abanezifo ezingelapheki), ungase uthande ukuthatha lokho okuqaphayo futhi wenze i-batch ehlukile yama-marinade. Qiniseka ukuthi ubilisa ama-marinade ukuletha ekushiseni okufiselekayo okukhonzayo.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kokudla kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlolwa okufanele kuleli zwe, uma usenqenqemeni ephezulu ongase ufune ukucabanga ngokugwema inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi ngokuphelele. Ukudla kwemifino kungaphephile, nakuba izithelo nemifino kungangcoliswa ngamagciwane ngokuphathwa okungalungile. Njalo ukukhipha imishini ukukhiqiza ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo ngebhayisikili ehlanzekile, bese ugeza yonke imikhiqizo ngaphansi kwamanzi aphephile ngaphambi kokudla. Ungagcwilisa ama-melon ngo-170 F amanzi ngamaminithi amathathu ngaphambi kokuwahambisa ukuze ubhubhise amabhaktheriya.
Landela amazinga okuphepha
Kumele uqale kusukela ekugcineni ukuthi konke ukudla kungabangela ukugula okuphethwe ukudla . Abantu abaningi baye bahlakulela amazinga aphansi ama-bacteria futhi ngeke bagule uma nje ukudla kuphela kunamabhaktheriya amancane.
Inkambo engcono kakhulu yokulandela amazinga okuphepha kokudla , yiba nekhono ngokugcina ikhishi lakho lihlanzekile futhi wenze izinqumo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kokudla okukhululekile.
Manje ukuthi unolwazi, ungenza isinqumo esilungele wena nomndeni wakho.