Ulwazi lokuphepha kokudla

Ukuphepha kokudla kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphekeni. Akukhathaleki ukuthi iresiphi yakho enhle noma enzima kangakanani: uma ukudla kwenza abantu bagule ngenxa yokupheka noma ukuphatha okungalungile, yonke imizamo yakho iyolahleka. Awukwazi ukutshela ukuthi ukudla kuphephile yini ukudla ngendlela okubukeka ngayo noma okuthandayo. Isitoreji esifanele, ukupheka nokuphatha yizona zindlela kuphela zokuqinisekisa ukudla okuphephile.

Ulwazi lokuphepha kokudla

I-USDA isebenzisa amagama amane alula ukukusiza ukhumbule imithetho yokuphepha kokudla.

ZiyiCheka, ihlukaniswe, ihlanzekile, ihlile . Masifunde mayelana nesikhathi ngasinye.

• Ukupheka ukudla ukushisa kwangaphakathi okuphephile ukubhubhisa noma yiliphi ibhaktheriya elimazayo. Ukuphepha komzimba wasemhlabeni bekulokhu kutholwa kakhulu, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Uma inyama isemhlabathini, amabhaktheriya avela phezulu, ngokuvamile u-E. coli noma i-Salmonella, ahlanganiswe yonke into engxenyeni yomhlabathi. Uma le nyama engaphekiwe ingaphekiwe okungenani ama-160 kuya ku-165 degrees, amabhaktheriya angeke abhujiswe futhi kunethuba elihle lokuthi uzogula. Isikhangiso siqiniseke ukuthi usebenzisa i-thermometer ngendlela efanele! Ukuze inyama ye-patties eyenziwe evela emhlabathini, faka i-thermometer kusuka ku-SIDE ye-patty, hhayi phezulu, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-tip ye-thermometer ifika phakathi kwenyama.

  I-interior of izingcezu eziqinile zenyama ezinjenge-steaks kanye ne-chops aziqukethe amabhaktheriya ayingozi, ngakho-ke zingagcinwa ezingavamile. Noma kunjalo, noma yikuphi ukunqunywa kwenkomo kufanele kuphekwe ekushiseni okungaphakathi okungenani ama-degree angu-145 (okuvamile okungavamile). Ukushisa okuphephile kwezinkukhu kungama-180 degrees. Futhi ukusikeka okuqinile kwengulube kufanele kuphekwe ku-degrees 160. Amaqanda kufanele aphekwe kahle. (Uxolo - amaqanda ngaphezu kokulula akukuhle nakakhulu!) Uma wenza i-meringue noma enye iresiphi esebenzisa amaqanda angagwetshiwe, uthenge amaqanda akhethekile ngokukhethekile noma usebenzise i-meringue powder elungiselelwe.

• Ngifundile kubafundisi abambalwa eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota, ukuthi kungani inkukhu ingenakulinganiswa nenyama ebomvu. Inkukhu kumele iphekwe ngokugcwele, yonke indlela, ngaphandle kokushisa, kanye nokushisa kwangaphakathi okungenani ama-degrees angu-170. Inkukhu yenkukhu ayincane kakhulu kunezinyosi noma ingulube, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuba amabhaktheriya ahambe ngenyama. Futhi, ukucubungula izinkukhu kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu kakhulu kunokwenziwa kwezinkukhu noma ingulube, futhi amagciwane ngokuvamile asakazeka kulo lonke inyoni. Ngakho khumbula, izinkukhu ziphekwe njalo ukuze zenziwe kahle.

  Nansi ulwazi oluvela ku-USDA: "Abathengi ngemibuzo yokuphepha kokudla bangashayela i-USDA Meat kanye ne-Hotline Inkukhu ngo-1-800-535-4555. I-hotline ingafinyelelwa kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni ukuya ku-4: 00 ebusuku (Isikhathi saseMpumalanga) ngoMsombuluko kuya ngoLwesihlanu , futhi imilayezo yokuphepha yokudla eqoshiwe iyatholakala amahora angu-24 ngosuku. "

• Ukudla okuphekiwe okungaphekiwe, kanye nokudla okudliwe okuhlaza futhi okuphekwe ngaphambi kokudla. Ukungcola okuphambene nakho kwenzeka lapho inyama noma amaqanda aluhlaza ehlangana nokudla okuzodliwa okungasetshenzisiwe. Lona ngumthombo omkhulu wokudla ubuthi. Ngihlale ngigubha kabili ukudla okuluhlaza bese ngibeka eshalofini esezansi kunazo zonke esiqandisini ngakho ayikho indlela ama-juice angadonsa ngayo umkhiqizo omusha. Sebenzisa inyama eluhlaza kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-2 zokuthenga, noma ufake isitoreji eside.

  Uma ugcoba noma upheka inyama eluhlaza noma inhlanzi, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa isitsha esihlanzekile ukubamba ukudla emva kokupheka. Ungasebenzisi isitsha esifanayo owawujwayele ukuthwala ukudla okuluhlaza ku-grill! Ngiphinde ngigeze izingwebe ezisetshenziselwa ukugcoba emva kokuba ukudla kuguqulwa okokugcina ku-grill, kanye nama-spatula kanye nezinkezo ezisetshenziselwa ukugaya noma ukuguqula inyama njengoba kupheka.

  Qinisekisa ukuthi ugeza izandla ngemuva kokuphatha inyama eluhlaza noma amaqanda aluhlaza. Uma ngibona umpheki noma umethuli embukisweni wokupheka we-TV ophethe inyama eluhlaza noma amaqanda aluhlaza, bese esula izandla zakhe ithawula ngaphambi kokulungiselela isaladi noma isithelo esisha, ngiyazamazama. Kubalulekile ukugeza izandla zakho nge-sese namanzi noma i-toelette ye-antibacterial premoistened emva kokuthinta inyama eluhlaza noma amaqanda aluhlaza ukuze ugweme ukungcola okuphambene.

Iya ekhasini elilandelayo ukuze ufunde mayelana nokuhlanza nokukhwehlela.

Manje ukuthi uqonda ngokupheka ukudla ngendlela efanele futhi uhlukanise izinto eziphekwe nezingcolile kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokupheka, sekuyisikhathi sokuqhubekela phambili kumaphuzu amabili okugcina.

• Ukuhlanza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kokudla. Geza izandla zakho nendawo yokusebenza njalo lapho upheka futhi ngemuva kokushaya impumulo yakho, ube yindlu yokugezela, uthinte isilwane, noma uguqule i-diaper. Insipho endala enamanzi namanzi ziyasebenza kakhulu. Uma uhlabelela kancane ivesi elithi "Ukuzalwa Okujabulisayo Kuwe" ngenkathi ugeza izandla zakho, uzobageza ukuze ubude besikhathi esifanele. Uma upheka umuntu okhulelwe, usemncane kakhulu noma omdala, unesifo esingapheli, noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esikhethekile, khetha insipho enezimfanelo zokulwa namagciwane amaningi.

  Ngigeza izandla zami izikhathi ezingu-20-30 ngenkathi ngipheka, futhi izindawo zami zokusebenza zihlanza ngokuvamile. Ngigeza ama-tongs, izinkezo kanye nama-spatula ngemva kokuthinta inyama noma amaqanda angadliwa. Ngiyathanda ukusebenzisa amathayili wepape r ukuze ngimise izandla zami nama-countertops ami. Zilahlwa kalula futhi aziphatheli amabhaktheriya kwenye indawo. Lo mkhuba ungase ube yindawo engalungile, kodwa ngisenza njalo - futhi akekho oye waba nokudla okunobuthi endlini yami.

  Enye indlela elula yokugwema ukungcola kokusebenzisa ukusebenzisa isitsha esikhulu ukusika inyama eluhlaza. Ngemuva kokuba inyama ilungiswe futhi ipheka, vele ubeke umbhede ngqo ku-daishisher, kanye nazo zonke izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa inyama.

• Ukudla kwesibhakabhaka kubaluleke kakhulu. Indawo engozini lapho amabhaktheriya anjengo-E. coli no-Salmonella aphindaphinda aphakathi kuka-40 no-140 degrees Fahrenheit. Isiqandisini sakho kufanele sisetshenziswe kuma-degrees Fahrenheit angu-40 noma ngezansi; ihrifri yakho kufanele ibe yi-degree degrees Fahrenheit noma ngezansi. Nasi umthetho olula: sebenzisa ukudla okushisayo okushisayo, ukudla okubandayo kubanda . Sebenzisa izitsha zokushayela noma amapuleti ashisa ukugcina ukudla kushisa ngenkathi ukhonza. Sebenzisa amanzi okugeza amanzi e-ice ukugcina ukudla okubandayo kubanda. Ungalokothi uvumele noma yikuphi ukudla ukuhlala ekushiseni kwamahhala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-2 - ihora elilodwa uma izinga lokushisa elingu-80 degrees Fahrenheit noma ngaphezulu.

  Uma upakisha ipikinikini, qinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kakade kubonisiwe lapho beya endaweni engasetshenzisiwe. I-hamper ngeke idle ukudla - igcina ukudla kubanda uma kuphethwe kahle ngeqhwa. Ukudla okuphekwe okushisayo kufanele kufakwe ezitsheni ezingajulile, ezimboziwe, futhi ngokushesha esiqandisini ukuze zipholile ngokushesha.

Nazi ezinye izixhumanisi ezibalulekile mayelana nokuphepha kokudla:

• Ukukhumbula Uhlu Olushisayo Lokudla
• Ukupheka Okuphephile Kokupheka KweSifundo Sezifundo Zokupheka
• I-Food Poisoning Bulletin (ukuphikisa: Nginguye umhleli wale sayithi, eveza ulwazi lokuphepha kokudla futhi ubhale konke okukhumbulayo nokubuyekezwa.)

Iya ekhasini elilandelayo ukuze ufunde ngamathiphu okuphuma kwamandla.

Kuthiwani Ngezimpawu Zamandla?

Uma amandla ephuma endlini yakho, landela imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha kokudla. Ukudla okuphakade kuphephile ekushiseni kwamahhala amahora amabili lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwama-degrees angu-80. Ngaphezulu kwalokho kushisa, unehora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba amabhaktheriya aqale ukukhula ekudleni okungenasiphelo.

Gcina ifriji yakho nefriji ivaliwe. Vula iminyango ngangokunokwenzeka. Isiqandisini esingavulekile kufanele sigcine ukudla okubandayo kuze kube amahora amane; kuzodingeka uhlole into ngayinye uma amandla ebuyela emuva.

Ifriji egcwele isigamu kufanele igcine ukudla efriziwe amahora angu-24; ihrifri egcwele kufanele igcine ukudla okufriziwe amahora angu-48. Ungakwazi ukumboza ifriji yakho kanye nefrijini ngezingubo eziqabile ukuze uzame ukuzinqanda futhi uzigcwale ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuhamba okude, ungazama ukuthola i-ice eyomile ukupakisha efrijini lakho, kodwa kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokulondoloza.

Uma ukuphuma kwamandla kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-4, susa ubisi, inyama, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi efrijini bese uwafaka emakhazeni apholile ngeqhwa eliningi.

Ukuba nesisindo sokushisa okusheshayo kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuphepha kokudla emva kokubuya kwamandla. Uma imikhiqizo efriji isengaphansi kwamazinga angu-40, kufanele iphephile. Hlola ukubona ukuthi ukudla okufriziwe kunamakhadi aluhlaza yini okubonakalayo nokuthi ukushisa kwawo kungaphansi kwama-40 degrees. Ungabe usuvuselele lokhu kokudla, kodwa cishe kuyoba nokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi.

Futhi khumbula ukubusa okuyisisekelo: Uma ungabaza, uphonsa ngaphandle.

Noma yikuphi ukugcina izindleko ongayithola ngokugcina ukudla okungaqondakali kuzokubiza kakhulu ngokuphathelene nodokotela nezibhedlela uma othile egula.

Khumbula ukuthi ukupheka ngaphandle ngesikhathi ukuphuma kwamandla emanzini wakho noma i-gas grill kuyindlela enhle yokugcina izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi endlini yakho lipholile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Nansi ulwazi olwengeziwe olubalulekile: hlola izinsuku zokuthengisa lapho uthengisa bese utshela umphathi wesitolo sokudla uma ubona ukudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi eshalofini. Ungadli phakathi kwezinto zokudla nefriji yakho noma isiqandisisi ekhaya. Ungalokothi usebenzise ukudla emanzini amancane, agijima, aphihliwe noma aphihliwe. Thaw ukudla eziqandisini. Letha zonke izobho ezikhishwe ekheniwe kanye nama-gravies emathunjini ahambayo ngaphambi kokukhonza.

Ungakhonti ukudla kokuqukethwe okungewona ukudla !! Izinto ezifana nezimbiza zembali kanye namapayipi okushisa (ngokuba i- Kitty Litter Cake (futhi ngisho noma ngabe ngisasebenzisa i-pan enkulu yokugcoba ngokwami) ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma isitsha sinezinto eziphephile zokudla, noma esinye isitsha, noma izingxenye ezimbalwa zokugqoka epulasitiki. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kukhona iziqukathi eziningi ezenziwe ngokuhola, kodwa zingasetshenziselwa izibulala-zinambuzane ngenkathi zisendlini yokugcinwa kwempahla. Vele uvikeleke futhi ukhethe izitsha nokukhonza izitsha ezenziwe ukudla.

Uma ufunda lolu lwazi, ukuphathwa okuphephile kokudla kuzoba yingxenye ehlanganisiwe yemikhikhini yakho. Bangiyisimo sesibili kimi! Futhi ngiyakuthanda ukupheka nokujabulisa ngaphezulu ngoba ngiyazi ukuthi ngikwenzile konke engikwaziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla engikukhonza umndeni nabangane kuphephile.

~ Linda