I-Caviar yayisikhonjwe njenge-appetizer ema-saloons ase-Old West. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakubhekwa njengenani eliyigugu kakhulu futhi lifanelekile kuphela ukukhishwa emakhosini nasezingeni eliphezulu. Yini ngempela i-caviar? Kungani kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyabiza kakhulu? Nakhu amaqiniso lapho kuvela khona i-caviar nokuthi yikuphi ukuphikisana okuphathelene nakho.
Incazelo
I-Caviar ibhekisela kumaqanda asolisiwe (roe) ezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, i-sturgeon.
I-Caviar ivela egameni lasePheresiya elithi Khaviar elisho "ukuthwala amaqanda". Amanye amaqanda avela kwezinye izinhlobo (njenge-saumon, i-paddlefish, i-whitefish, ne-lumpfish) ingase ibhalwe i-caviar uma igama lezinhlanzi lifakiwe. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-caviar, i-beluga, i-sevruga, ne-otratra, zibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-sturgeon i-caviar evela.
- I-Beluga , amaqanda amakhulu kunazo zonke, ivela ezilwaneni zeHuso huso. I-Huso ishaya amakhilogremu angu-80 kuya kwangu-400 uma ivunwa futhi ingaba amakhilogremu angu-2 000. Amaphesenti angu-15 wesisindo saso amaqanda. I-female Huso huso ayithwali amaqanda kuze kube ngu-25 ubudala futhi angaphila kuze kube ngu-150. I-Beluga ine-flavour ecebile, enobucwebe nokuthungwa okubucayi. Kodwa-ke, okusobala ukuthi yilokho okwenza kube yilokho okuhlonishwa kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-caviar.
- Sevruga caviar itholakala ku-Acipenser stellatus. Lawa ma-sturgeon amancane ngokuvamile angaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-50. I-Sevruga i-grey ebonakalayo enombala futhi ine-texture eluhlaza futhi i-flavour eqinile.
- I-Osetra (i-Osciotr), i-caviar yegolide engavamile (noma i-Imperial caviar), ivela ku-Acipenser guldenstaedti. Lezi zigaba ze-sturgeon ngobukhulu kusuka kuma-40 kuya ku-160 amakhilogremu. Nakuba i-caviar yegolide ixabiswa kakhulu, amaqanda alezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile ayenamabala amaningi. I-caviar ine-flavor ye-nutty ehlukile.
Abakhiqizi nabathengi
Ukukhiqizwa okuningi kwe-caviar kugxile eLwandle lweCaspian, abakhiqizi ababili abakhulu beRussia ne-Iran (kanye namazwe ase-Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan naseTurkmenistan).
I-Sturgeon, noma kunjalo, ayihlanganisiwe kule ndawo. Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingu-50 enyakatho ye-hemisphere futhi zingatholakala eNyakatho Melika, e-China naseFrance.
Abathumeli abakhulu be-caviar yi-United States (i-20% yama-exports yase-Caspian Sea), iSwitzerland, i-Japan, ne-European Union (ikakhulukazi eFrance, eBelgium, eJalimane nase-UK).
Ukuvikela kwe-CITES
Wonke ama-sturgeon ayengozini noma asongelwa ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile, ukuzingela, ukuhweba ezimakethe ezimnyama, nokulahlekelwa kwemvelo. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-sturgeon zivinjelwe ekuvuneni, i-Acipenser brevirostrum ne-Acipenser sturio. Ezinye izinhlobo zivikelwe yi-CITES. I-CITES imelela iSivumelwano Sokuhweba Kwamazwe Omhlaba Ezilwaneni Eziphephile. Amazwe angase athumele i-caviar uma engabonisa ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo akulimazi ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. I-US Fish & Wildlife Service kumele ihlole yonke i-caviar efika e-United States. I-laboratories yabo ye-forensics inezindlela zokunquma izinhlobonhlobo zezwe kanye nemvelaphi ye-caviar.
Malossol Caviar
I-Malossol ibhekisela ku-caviar enomunyu omncane kakhulu. With iziqandisini zanamuhla nezindlela zokunakekelwa kwezokuthuthwa kwendle, inani losawoti ludinga njengendlela yokulondolozwa akuyona into enhle njengakuqala.
I-American Caviar
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka, iUnited States yayingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu kakhulu be-caviar emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile, ukuvunwa kwe-sturgeon yokuhweba kwavinjelwa ekuqaleni komlando wethu.
Namuhla, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezikhuliswe epulazini, ukukhiqizwa kwe-caviar kubuyele eMelika. Amanye ama-caviar aseMelika akhuphuka kakhulu ekhwalithi futhi uye wafaniswa kahle neCaspian caviar.