Izindwangu zomfula
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zofulawa emakethe namuhla futhi ngolwazi oluyisisekelo oluncane, uzokwazi ukuhamba ngendlela yokubhaka njengepro. Funda ngezingxenye, izici kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zofulawa.
Ukhula luyisakhi se-powdery esakhiwe lapho okusanhlamvu okomile kukhishwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokugaya. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zofulawa zenziwe ngotshani nakuba noma yikuphi okusanhlamvu kungenziwa ufulawa, kufaka phakathi ilayisi, ama-oats, ummbila noma ibhali.
I-Components of Flour
Ngaphandle kohlobo lokusanhlamvu olusetshenzisiwe, ufulawa uphinde uhluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yokusanhlamvu egcinwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya. Lokhu kungafaka i-endosperm, i-bran noma i-germ.
- I-Endosperm: Lesi yisikhungo esine-starchy sokusanhlamvu, esine-carbohydrate, amaprotheni kanye nenani elincane lamafutha. Imifino eminingi elula emhlophe iqukethe kuphela le ngxenye yokusanhlamvu.
- Ubuchopho: I-husk yangaphandle yezinhlamvu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-bran, ineza ukuthungwa, umbala, kanye ne-fibre ukuze ufulawa. Igatsha linikeza okusanhlamvu okuphelele ukugqamisa umbala wabo obunombala obunombala obunzima nokubunjwa.
- I-germ: I-germ yikhiqiza ekuzaleni okusanhlamvu futhi ngumthombo wokugcoba wezakhi. Ukhula olulondoloza igciwane ngesikhathi sokugaya luzoqukatha amavithamini, amaminerali amaningi kanye ne-fiber.
- I-Gluten: I- Gluten yiprotheni etholakala ngokwemvelo e-endosperm kakolweni. Inikeza amandla, ukuqina kwezinto kanye nokuthungwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kube nemvubelo yesinkwa , i-pasta, ne- pizza inhlama .
Izinhlobonhlobo Zemibala Ejwayelekile
Yonke Injongo: Ufulawa wonke wenjongo lwenziwa kusukela ekupheleni kwegorosi. Lokhu kudla okuvame ukuhlanjululwa ukuze kutholakale ukubonakala okuhlanzekile, okumhlophe futhi kusetshenziswe ukufaka izakhi ezilahlekile ngenxa yokususwa kwegciwane nesigamu. Ufulawa owenziwe yonke into unesisindo esiphakathi isitashi kanye namaprotheni ukuze angasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuqineka noma okuncane kakhulu.
Okungahambisani nalokhu: Ufulawa olungasetshenzisiwe kufana nokubunjwa kufulawa wonke wenhloso kepha akukakakhiwa ngamakhemikhali. Ufulawa olungasetshenzisiwe ungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezincwadini eziningi zokupheka njengokudla okufeza konke. Ukudla okungahlanganisiwe kuyisinqumo esihle kulabo abathintekayo ukuhlanzeka kwe-flavor noma ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali.
Isinkwa Sokudla: Ufulawa lwesinkwa uqukethe isilinganiso esiphezulu seprotheyini kuya kuma-carbohydrate kunayo yonke injongo, eveza inhlama enamandla. I-matrix enamandla ene-gluten inikeza isakhiwo ekukhuphukeni inhlama futhi inikeza umkhiqizo wokuphela ubuciko obuhle, obuhle.
I-Cream Flour: Ufulawa wama- cake uqukethe amaprotheni amancane kunezinhloso zonke futhi unamathele ekuthungeni okuhle. Lezi zici ezimbili zihlangene zakha i-crumb elula futhi enesibindi. Ufulawa wamaqebelengwane uvame ukuhlanjululwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala kwawo.
I-pastry Ukuhluma: U- pastry ufulawa unokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okuphakathi futhi kuphakathi kokunye kwenhloso kanye nofulawa wekhekhe ekuthungeni. Ukuthungwa okuhle kuveza u-flakey we-pastry crust ngenkathi amaprotheni alula kancane anqanda ama-pastries ukuba abe mncane kakhulu noma ahlaziye. Ngaphandle kokudla, lokhu kufulawa kuyinto enhle ekwenzeni amakhukhi , amabhisikidi, nezinkwa ezisheshayo.
Ukuziphakamisa: Ufulawa wokuziphakamisa usetshenziselwa ukwenza amabhisikidi nezinye izinkwa ezisheshayo . Iqukethe ufulawa wonke, insawoti kanye ne-agent ehlabayo yamakhemikhali efana ne-baking powder .
Ukudla okuzimele akufanele kusetshenziselwe ukwenza isinkwa semvubelo.
Isitshalo Sonke: Ufulawa wonke wokhula wenziwa ngokugaya konke okusanhlamvu (endosperm, bran, kanye negciwane). Lokhu kufulawa kuqukethe izakhi eziningi kanye ne-fiber kunezinhloso zonke okwenza kube othandwayo phakathi kwabantu abaqaphela impilo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-bran ingaphazamisa ukwakheka kwe-matrix gluten enhlama, ufulawa wonke wekolweni ngokuvamile uveza isinkwa esinzima kakhulu kunesisindo noma isinkwa.
I-Stone Ground: Ufulawa womhlabathi we-Stone ufana nofulawa ogcwele ukolweni kodwa uncibilike ekuthunjweni okuqinile. Ufulawa womhlabathi we-Stone ulinganiswa nokubunjwa kwawo okunamandla nokubukeka kwe-rustic.
I-Semolina: I- Semolina yi-ufulawa owenziwe ezihlukahlukene ezikolweni ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Durum. Ukolweni we-Durum unamaprotheni aphezulu kakhulu, okwenzela ukuthungwa okunamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-semolina isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza i-pasta.
Ipulazi lelayisi: Lokhu kufulawa kwenziwa ngamagilebhisi elayisi futhi kungatholakala kokubili ezimhlophe (endosperm kuphela) nezinhlobo ezibomvu (okugcwele okusanhlamvu). Ufulawa welayisi ulula kakhulu kunokwakheka ukolweni futhi uyinto ethandwayo phakathi kwalabo abangenakubekezela ukugulen.
UMasa Harina: UMasa Harina ufulawa owenziwe ngamabele okugaya aphethwe ngesisombululo se-alkali, ngokuvamile esine-lime. I-lime iyakusiza ukukhipha i-husk yommbila ngaphambi kokugaya futhi kuthuthukise okuqukethwe komsoco wofulawa. I-Masa harina isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-tortillas, ama-tamales nezinye izitsha ezidumile eMelika Ephakathi.