Izindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza usawoti
Ukukhiqizwa kasawoti kungenye yezenzo zamakhemikhali endala ezenziwe ngumuntu. Nakuba usawoti ukhiqizwa ngokwemvelo uma amanzi olwandle ephuphuma, inqubo ingenziwa kabusha ukuze kutholakale isivuno esiphezulu. Olunye usawoti lusacubungula ngokusebenzisa izindlela zasendulo, kodwa izindlela ezintsha, ezisheshayo nezingabizi kakhulu zakhiwe. Kuncike emthonjeni kasawoti kanye nenqubo esetshenziselwa ukuyidala, umkhiqizo wokuphela uzoba ne-flavour ne-texture ehlukile.
Namhlanje kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuthola usawoti: Ukuphuma kwamanzi emanzini, usawoti wamaminerali emhlabeni, nokwenza usawoti. Amathebula amaningi avamile amatherayi, kuyilapho okhethekile noma ama- salted gourmet asekhiqizwa ngokuphuma kwamanzi olwandle; ama-salts asetshenziselwa izinhloso zezimboni atholakala ngezimayini. I-China ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke olandelwa yi-United States. Ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-220 zamasawoti, amaphesenti ayisithupha kuphela asetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwabantu.
Sea Salt
Ukwaziswa ngosawoti kungamaphesenti angu-3.5 wezilwandle zomhlaba. Kuvela ngokwemvelo uma amachibi angenawo amatshe angenawo elangeni futhi umoya kanye namakhadi amakhulu akasawoti asele ngemuva lapho amanzi asemanzini abe khona. Lapho sithela usawoti olwandle endaweni yezimboni, amanzi olwandle afakwa "emachibini amakhulu" okuvumela ukuqhuma okuphumelelayo ilanga nomoya. Ukukhiqizwa kolwandle usawoti kungenziwa kuphela ezindaweni ezinemvula encane ukuze kube nesikhathi esanele sokudlulela.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, usawoti usawoti uvame ukukhiqizwa ezindaweni ezinomile ezifana neMedithera ne-Australia.
Usawoti olwandle lukhiqizwa ngendlela encane kakhulu nangamasu asendulo, anekhono. UFleur de sel uyisibonelo sosawoti wobuciko okwamanje, kuze kube namuhla, esakhiwe ngezindlela ezindala. Lo usawoti okhanyayo ukhiqizwa ngamachibi amancane eFrance futhi kwenziwa kuphela phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo zikaMeyi kuya kuSepthemba.
Rock Salt
Usawoti weRwala (owaziwa nangokuthi i-halite) ukhona emadwaleni ngaphansi kwezingxenye zomhlaba futhi ungasuswa ngemayini ejulile. Lezi zinhlayiya ezinkulu zikasawoti ziwumphumela wamanzi wangaphansi komhlaba angaphansi komhlaba aselokhu esomile.
Usawoti weRwala ukhishwa nge-dynamite, efana nemfashini yezimayini kwanoma yikuphi amanye amaminerali. Uma sekulethwe endaweni yomhlaba, ichotshoziwe bese isetshenziselwa izimboni nezinye izinjongo ezingezona ukudla. Lolu hlobo losawoti luqukethe amaminerali amaningi kanye nokungcola okuningi.
I-Salt Brines
Ngenkathi ulwandle seluhlaza okwemvelo, imayini yamaminerali (noma i-solution mining) kasawoti ihlanganisa ukudonsa amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba ukuchitha izinsawoti bese udala u-salt brine. Le-brine iphoswa phezulu bese ichitheka ukudala usawoti. U-brine usawoti ungase uphathwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume ukuphuza ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwemineral, unikeze i-sodium chloride crystal ecacile. Le ndlela ayithengi, inomkhiqizo ophezulu, futhi ikhiqiza usawoti ohlanzekile kakhulu. Iningi ithebula likasawoti lenziwa ngale ndlela.