Ama-blueberries, uma evuthiwe kahle athatha umbala ogqamile owuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-indigo, ushintshile kusuka eluhlaza obunqamule ube obomvu-pink. Ama-blueberries ayingqayizivele ezweni lokudla ngoba kukhona ambalwa kakhulu ukudla okweluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle.
Ngakho yini eyenza i-blueberries eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isikhumba sama-blueberry sigcwele amakhemikhali akhiqizwa ngegazi okuthiwa i-anthocyanins. Inyama yensika empeleni iyindlovukazi, umbala omhlophe.
Kuphela isikhumba esinelayi yemvelo, kodwa uma i-pericarp iphazamisa ama-anthocyanins engena kumaseli abonakalisiwe bese ababala.
Igama elithi anthocyanin livela emagameni esiGreki ἀ νθός (anthos) , okusho imbali; futhi κυανός (kyanos) , okusho okwesibhakabhaka. I-Anthocyanins yi-pigments yemvelo ehamba ebangeni elibomvu, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eliya ku-indigo, ne-violet ejulile kuye ngokuthi izinga le-acidity le-pigment ngokwayo. Izinga le-pH ligijima i-gamut e-anthocyanins, ephansi izinga le-pH le-redder i-pigments ithola, kepha uma likhuphuka liya kusuka ebomvu, libe libomvu, liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, liluhlaza bese liphuzi.
Uma kugcoke noma kuphekwe, kutholakala ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali futhi izinga le-pH liyakhula, ngakho-ke kungani amajikijolo avula indigo ejulile noma umbala odlamelayo ngokuphambene nokuhlala esimweni sabo esingenhla, esibhakabhaka.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi lolu hlu olubomvu kumbala we-violet luyisimo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo esakhiwa yizitshalo njengendlela yokuheha izilwane.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinambuzane eziningi nezinyoni ziyakhangwa kule mibala futhi cishe zizovakashela izitshalo ezibabonisa njengendlela yokukhuthaza impova ngezilwane. Ngokuqondene nezithelo ezinjenge-blueberries, ama-cranberries, nama-blackberries - bonke abacebile ku-anthocyanins - abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le mibala idonsela izilwane ezizodla isithelo esidlulisa imbewu ezindaweni ezintsha ngemuva kokugaya.
I-Anthocyanins empeleni ayinayo ukunambitheka, kodwa ihlinzeka kuphela ukunambitheka okunamandla noma okubabayo ekudleni.
Kukhona ucwaningo olubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ekuqedeni kwama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni njenge-antioxidants. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-antioxidant zivame ukutholakala ngobuningi kakhulu ekudleni okunengi okuthokozela ama-anthocyanins kunalokho kuncike ekutheni kunesimo se-totem pole.
Ukudla okuningi kunezinhlobo ze-anthocyanins:
- Utamatisi
- Ama-blueberries
- Amajikijolo
- Ama-Raspberries
- Rhubarb
- I-Currants
- Ama Cherries
- I-Açaí
- Iklabishi elibomvu
- Isitshalo seqanda
- I-blood oranges
I-Anthocyanins nayo iyingxenye enkulu ekushintsheni kombala emaqabunga ngesikhathi sokuwa. Lapho isimo sesimo sezulu siba nesibindi, amaqabunga aqala ukukhiqiza amazinga aphezulu anthocyanins uma isitshalo emaqabunga aqala ukudiliza ushukela wemvelo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kweshukela kubangelwa amazinga aphansi e-phosphate. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwe-phosphate kwenzeka lapho umuthi uqala ukondla i-phosphate kusuka emaqabungeni ibe yiziqu kanye namagatsha njengendlela yokuzivikela ekuhambeni kwezulu okubandayo.