Umbuzo: Umlando we-Fortune Cookie - Ubani owafaka i-Fortune Cookie?
Iyini imvelaphi yalokhu khukhi ethandwa?
Impendulo: Livela kuphi ikhukhi le-fortune? Impendulo elula yukuthi i-fortune cookie njengoba siyazi namhlanje - ngesimo sayo ehlukile kanye nenhlanhla ehlanganiswe ngaphakathi - akuyona isiShayina nhlobo. Ama-cookies wamanje wamanje wamanje avela eCalifornia ekuqaleni kwawo-1900. Ukulandelela phansi obani owasungula ikhukhi lapho kungabikho khona isiShayina ekudleni noma ekudleni kokudlela okuyophela ngaphandle kokucindezela.
Iningi lemithombo yemali ngu Makoto Hagiwara noma uDavid Jung. Kulaba ababili, uHagiwara, kubonakala sengathi unesimangalo esinamandla.
U-Hagiwara, umfuduki waseJapane owayesebenza njengomnakekeli osemthethweni weJapan Tea Gardens kusukela ngo-1895, waqala ukukhonza amakhukhi e-Tea Garden ngesikhathi esithile phakathi kuka-1907 no-1914. (Umzukulu wakhe, uGeorge Hagiwara ukholelwa ukuthi usuku oluqondile luphakathi kuka 1907 - 1909). Amakhukhi ayesekelwe kumafabhethi aselayisi aseJapane aqoshiwe. Ngokusho kwemithombo ethile; ama cookies aqukethe amanothi okubonga esikhundleni semali, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi indlela kaHagiwara yokubonga umphakathi ngokumthola ephindaphindiwe ngemuva kokuxoshwa nguMeya wobuhlanga.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uCanton owazalwa uDavid Jung wayefudukela eLos Angeles. Ngo-1916 wasungula inkampani yeHong Kong Noodle. Uthi usungulwe i-fortune cookie ngasekupheleni kuka-1918, ehambisa amakhukhi abhakawa agcwele imibhalo ekhuthazayo yombhalo kubantu abangasebenzi.
Nokho, ngisho newebhusayithi yeLos Angeles Almanac iyavuma ukuthi ayikho imibhalo eqhubekayo ebonisa indlela efika ngayo nomqondo.
Ngo-1983, iNkantolo yaseSan Francisco yokuBuyekeza iMlando yaba nesicingo sokuhlekisa sokuxazulula le nkinga ngezikhathi ezithile. (Inkantolo ayikho igunya elingokomthetho; ezinye izinkinga ezikhulayo ezikhulayo ezizibandakanya zibandakanya noma ngabe isobho sezinkukhu kufanele sabizwe ngokuthi "i- Penicillin yamaJuda ").
Ngesikhathi socwaningo othile unikeze ijaji nge-cookie ye-fortune equkethe umlayezo: "IJaji le-SF elilawula i-LA hhayi ikhukhi elihlakaniphile kakhulu." Ngokwehluleka kuDaniel M. Hanlon, ijaji lezepolitiki langempela lokuphila elibhekene necala, isinqumo sakhe sasibufakazi obukhulu kakhulu, kuhlanganise neqoqo lama-grills. Noma kunjalo, akuzange kusimangaze lapho iNkantolo ihambisana noHagiwara futhi inqume ukuthi iSan Francisco yindawo yokuzalwa ye-cookie ye-fortune.
Ngeke aphakamise, u-Angelenos wayengawutholi lesi sinqumo: imithombo eminingi iyaqhubeka nokuthenga isikweletu ngeJung ngokusungula ama-cookie fortune. Kodwa okwamanje, eLos Angeles (County) kuzodingeka ukwaneliswe ngokuba yindawo esemthethweni yokuzalwa yaseSobb Salad kanye ne-Shirley Temple mocktail.
Noma mhlawumbe akunjalo. Okunye okunye kungenzeka ukuthi i-fortune cookie yasungulwa ngumJapane waseMelika ohlala eLos Angeles. Yilokho okushiwo yi-proprietary of Fugetsu-do confectionary, indawo yokudla yasekhaya yaseTokyo yedolobha laseLos Angeles. Ngokusho komndeni wakwaKito, umqondo we-cookie we-fortune uvela kumkhulu wabo, u-Seiichi Kito, owasungula u-Fugetsu-ngo-1903. Ngenkathi i-confectionary yabizwa idumile ngama-cake e-sweet-rice amaqebelengwane ayo ahambisana nayo yonke into evela kumnandi omhlophe obhontshisi ukuze ibhotela lika-peanut - ngezinye izikhathi uKito waqala ukwenza amakhukhi amaningi futhi wawadayisa ezindaweni zokudlela zesiShayina.
Ngokomthombo ukuphefumulelwa kwakhe kwakuyi-omi-kuji fortunes eyabhalwa emaphepheni ephepha elitholakala emahekelini aseBuddhist aseJapane. (Namuhla, uzothola u-omikuji-senbei - "abacebile abacebile" - bathengiswa emabhakheni eJapane). I-website yabo ibhekisela encwadini ka-1927 ebonisa ukuthi i-American American ehlala eLos Angeles ngokusungula i-fortune cookie. Izivakashi esitolo zingakwazi ukubona isikhunta sokuqala se-fortune cookie ekubonisweni efasiteleni lesitolo langaphambili "ukuqoqa uthuli nezinkumbulo."
Kodwa ukuphefumlelwa kwama-cookie amakhukhi amaningi yanamuhla kuvelaphi? Naphezu kokuthi ama-cookie fortune abonise ukuthi athandwa eChina njengepuleti yesipinashi esiphekiwe kuphakathi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala ubudala, umsuka wabo ungase ube yiShayina ngemuva kwakho konke. Njalo ukuwa (usuku lweshumi nanhlanu lwenyanga yesishiyagalombili ekhalendeni laseChina, ukuba kube okuqondile) amaShayina agubha umkhosi wonyaka we -Autumn Moon .
Izingane zizwa inganekwane yokuthi, ngekhulu le-14, amaShayina aphonswa abacindezeli bawo baseMongol ngokufihla imiyalezo e-Mooncakes (okuyinto amaMongol ayengathandi ukuyidla). Ngobusuku eMnyangweni Wezinyanga ZaseMid-Autumn, lezi zihlubuki zahlasela futhi zaqeda uhulumeni, okuholela ekusungulweni kwendodana kaMing.
Noma kunjalo, inganekwane iyinganekwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyayithanda kanjani. Futhi i-Mooncakes yanamuhla ayinayo imiyalezo. Kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi se-American umkhumbi wesitimela ngawo-1850, izisebenzi zesitimela zaseShayina zazitshela ukuthi zithintele i-mooncakes engazange zizithenge: amabhisikidi azenzele ngemilayezo enenhlanhla ngaphakathi.
Njengomlando we-mooncake, akukho bufakazi bale ndaba ekhona. Futhi, ngenxa yemizamo ephelele yomcwaningi waseJapane uJasuko Nakamachi, manje sazi ukuthi cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo abasebenzi baseShayina basebenzise ithrekhi, "i-tsujiura senbei" (amaqebelengwane elayisi anezimpande zamaphepha) okwenziwa e-Hyotanyama Inari ngaphandle kweKyoto eJapane. Nakamachi wathola umdwebo encwadini ka-1878 ebonisa indoda ehogela tsujiura senbei ngaphandle kwe-shrine. (umthombo: Jennifer 8 Lee, Fortune Cookie IziKronike).
Ngakho, ivelaphi amakhukhi we-fortune? Kuleli qophelo, isisindo sobufakazi bomlando sibonakala sivumelana nomuntu oxoxwa nge-movie ethi " Ukubulala I-Chinese Cookie " othi: "AmaJapane asungula i-fortune cookie, amaShayina amemezela wona, futhi amaMelika ayinambitha." Noma kunjalo, njengomlobi uJennifer 8. U-Lee uthi, "yisigobo esihlanganiswe imfihlakalo ngaphakathi kwekhukhi."
Funda kabanzi Umlando we-Fortune Cookie
I-American American Fortune Cookie: Umthamo Wegama noma i-Fortune
Umlando we-Fugetsu-Do