I-Phylloxera yi-root noma i-aphid encane kakhulu, ehlasela ngokuyinhloko izimpande zevini le- Vitis vinifera , ngendlela efanayo i-aphid ehlasela isitshalo sesitshalo samagilebhisi namaqabunga, ngokushaya izikebhe nokuphuza isitshalo sesitshalo. Uma sekugcwele umsila we-phylloxera, uhlelo lwempande lomvini lungabonakala lukhuni kakhulu, okwenze kube nzima kuleso sitshalo ukuthi uthathe amanzi ayenziwayo nezondlo ukuze aqhubeke nomvini.
Umphumela wokugcina we-phylloxera uncike ekutheni uhlobo lomhlabathi oluvuna umvini. Yaba nenhlabathi yobumba futhi umvini cishe uyinambuzane; inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye nomvini usho ithuba lokusinda ekuhlaselweni kwe-phylloxera, ngenxa yemifula ehloniphekile kanye nemvelo engavumelekile ye-phylloxera bug ukukhula.
Yeha i-Phylloxera
Phakathi neminyaka ye-1800 ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-1800, i-phylloxera infestation yaba yindlala kulo lonke elaseFrance naseningizimu yeYurophu, labhubhisa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomvini wezwekazi. Izizukulwane zabavinini bewayini zikhishwe futhi zishiswe imivini ye-heirloom emzamweni ononya wokuqeda ukuqubuka. Ukuhlukunyezwa okubekwe ngaphakathi kanye nezixazululo kwafunwa kabanzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kokubili imbangela yokuqala kanye nokulungisa okuyimiphumela yokulimaza kwaseYurophu kwavela eNyakatho Melika. Ngemva kokuphenywa okuphawulekayo, kwakunqunywa ukuthi i-phylloxera louse yavela e-US, nakuba izithelo zemivini yaseMelika zazingavumelani nokuhlaselwa kwegciwane.
Kwakungukumelana nalokhu okwakuzogcina kuhlanganiswe ukuhlinzeka isisombululo esinamandla emiphakathini ye-phylloxera yaseYurophu.
Ama-Cultivars Okudala
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ngokuqoqa umvini waseYurophu ngezimpande zaseMelika, bangakwazi ukugcina i-Phylloxera louse ekudleni isakhiwo sezithelo zomvini ngenkathi igcina izakhi zofuzo zomvini zangempela.
Ngokuvumela umvini ukuba ugcine umlingiswa wayo kanye nekhwalithi engaphansi kwezimpande ezingamelana nayo, isizukulwane esisha semivini sizobe sisetshenziselwa ukukhula. Lokhu kutholakala kokuziqhenya kwaholela abakhiqizi ukuba benze umsebenzi omkhulu wokuqothula izivini zonke bese befaka imivini ehlanganisiwe. Abavuni be-Old World baphoqelelwa ukuba bakhethe imivini yabo ephezulu ukuze baxhumane nezinhlelo zempande, eziqinisa ikhwalithi jikelele kulo lonke izwekazi.
I-Phylloxera's Lining Silver Engalindelekile
Ngokushesha-phambili eminyakeni emakhulu futhi izindima zesifunda ziguqulwa. Phakathi neminyaka yama-1980, izivini zaseCalifornia zahlaselwa yi-Phylloxera louse enamandla. Ukwazi isixazululo sempande kwakuwukuphela kokukhetha okusebenzayo, abakhiqizi bazikhandla ngenxa yezindleko ezinkulu zokutshala kabusha izimpande eziphikisana ne-phylloxera. NgamaRandi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezitshaliwe ezitshalweni ezintsha, abakhiqizi baseCalifornia bawashaya kahle inkinobho yokusetha kabusha futhi batshala ngenhloso. Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zase zitshalwe ezindaweni ezishintshashintsha isimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi eyayikufanele izidingo zabo ezikhulayo. Isiliva sesiliva? Iwayini elingcono, izindleko eziphansi zabathengi, nokucwaninga okuqhubekayo konke ngenxa yalowo phylloxera onamandla.