Isikhathi seTequila
I-Tequila ingumoya odumile we-distilled ocebile emlandweni, ngaphandle kwe-margarita ethandwayo . Eyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi semikhuba eqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 eyedlule, i-tequila iguqukele emoyeni onamandla esiwaphuzayo namuhla. Eminyakeni yamuva, uye wadlula ikhwalithi abambalwa bethu abangase baphuphe ngamashumi eminyaka embalwa adlule.
Umlando we-Tequila
Idolobhana laseTequila lakhiwa ngo-1656 kulokho manje umbuso waseMexico waseJalisco.
Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuba i-tequila ikhiqizwe kulo lonke izwe futhi uJose Cuervo nguye owokuqala ukuthengisa umkhiqizo. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1800 yabona ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zokuqala e-United States kanye ne-Revolution elandelayo yaseMexico ne-World Wars eyongezwe ekuthandweni kwamanye amazwe e-tequila.
I-Tequila ilawulwa yi-Appellation of Origin standard. Ngo-1978, imboni ye-tequila yaqala izilinganiso eziqinile ezilawula ukuthi i-tequila ingenziwa kanjani nokuthi kanjani, kanjani ebalini, isitayela (noma uhlobo) lwe-tequila, futhi yini engayithatha ngokusemthethweni igama le- tequila. I-NOM-006-SCFI-2012 ichaza le mithetho futhi iqondiswa yi-Consejo Regulador del Tequila (CRT, noma i-Tequila Regulatory Council).
I-Tequila ingenziwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zamazwe athile aseMexico. Zihlanganisa: 124 omasipala baseJalisco (kubandakanya idolobha laseTequila kanye neningi lamanzi e-tequila okwamanje), omasipala abangu-8 eNayarit, omasipala abangu-7 eGuanajuato, omasipala abangu-30 eMichoacan, kanye nomasipala abangu-11 eTamaulipas.
I-Tequila Yenziwe Kanjani?
Isitshalo se-Agave: I- Tequila yenziwa ngokucwilisa ama-juice afutshiwe we-weber blue agave plant ngamanzi. I-agave ilungu lomndeni we-lily futhi libukeka njengesitshalo se-giant aloe vera enezinhlamvu ezinamathebhu ezitheni. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi yokukhula, isitshalo se-agave silungele ukuvunwa futhi sisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni i-tequila.
Ngaphansi komhlaba, lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza i-bulb enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi i- piña , ebonakala ifana ne-ananas emhlophe. Amaqabunga ama-spiky agave asusiwe kanti ama-piñ ahlukaniswe futhi aphekwe kancane kancane ovens noma izitini ovens kuze zonke izintambo ziguqulwe zibe ushukela. I-agave ebhakiwe ichotshoziwe ukuze kukhishwe ama-juice amnandi, atholakala ngaleso sikhathi.
100% Agave vs. Mixto: Ngokusho komthetho waseMexico, yonke i-tequila kumele ibe namaphesenti angaba ngu-51 we-agave we-blue we-blue ( Agave tequilana ). I- tequila enhle kakhulu i-100% ye-agave ye-blue ebomvu futhi izobekwa ngokucacile ngaleyo ndlela kwibhodlela. Umthetho udinga ukuba kukhishwe, kusetshenziswa ibhodlela futhi kuhlolwe eMexico.
I-Tequila engeyona i-agave eyi-100% ibizwa ngokuthi i- mixto (exutshwe) ngoba ihlanganiswe noshukela namanzi ngenkathi kusetshenziselwa ukudla. Ama-mixto tequilas angenziwa ngaphandle kweMexico. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-21, ama-mixtos kwakuyi-tequila eyinhloko eyenziwa. Namuhla, iningi le-tequila oyothola "i-Tequila 100% ye-Agave."
I-distillation: I- Tequila ichithekile ngaphakathi kwamanzi noma amakholomu kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela ubufakazi obungaba ngu-110. Umphumela uba umoya ocacile ngenani elikhulu lama congeners. Lezi zingqungquthela zakhiwa yi-alcohol fermentation okuvame ukucatshangwa njengokungcola okungaholela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Amanye ama- tequileros (abakhiqizi be-tequila) aphinda aphule i-tequila ukukhiqiza utshwala obuhlanzekile. Ngaphambi kokubhoboza amabhodlela, i-distillate inqunywe ngamanzi ukuthola amandla okubhoboza, okuvame ukufaka ubufakazi obungaba ngu-80, noma amaphesenti angama-40 utshwala ngokwevolumu (ABV).
Amanye ama-tequila acacile futhi abizwa ngokuthi i- blanco noma i-tequila yesiliva. Abanye bathatha umbala obomvu ngenxa yemithombo emibili engenzeka. I-tequila yegolide ngokuvamile ithola umbala wayo kusuka kokungezwa kwe-caramel noma ezinye izithasiselo. I-Reposado kanye ne- añejo tequilas bathola umbala wabo obomvu wegolide kusuka ekugugeni komgqomo . Amanye ama-tequila ahanjiswa ngamanani amancane we-sherry, i-prune concentrate, kanye nekakhukhunathi, nakuba lezi "zingekho" ze-tequila, kodwa "imikhiqizo ye-tequila."
Izinhlobo ezingu-5 (i-Tipos) ze-Tequila
Uma uhamba ngezinketho zakho ze-tequila esitolo sezotshwala, uzohlangana nezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-tequila.
Ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe kumazinga asethwe yi-CRT ngenxa yendlela abakhiqizwa ngayo. Imikhiqizo eminingi eyaziwa kakhulu ye-tequila izohlinzeka nge-blanco, reposado, ne-añejo tequila kwiphothifoliyo yabo. Ngokujwayelekile ungalindela ukukhokha ngaphezulu kwezingu-10 ngaphezulu uma uphuthukisa kuya ezingeni elilandelayo.
I-Blanco, i-Silver, noma i-White Tequila (i-Tipo 1): I- Blanco tequila yomoya ocacile ongaba ngu-100% we-agave noma i-mixto. Lawa ma-tequila "asebekhulile" -njengokuthi "aphumule" -ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha ezingamatsheni angenalutho, uma asebekhulile nhlobo. Ama-blancos angenalutho anika lowo ophuzayo inambitheko enkulu ye-agave etholakalayo futhi abe nokudla okuphawulekayo komhlaba okuyi-tequila ngokucacile. Uma ungazange ujabule i-blanco, khona-ke usuke ulahlekelwa yilawo mdlalo ongu-agave.
I-tequila yesiliva isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuxuba futhi iphelele cishe noma iyiphi i-tequila cocktail futhi ngokuvamile ilula ngaphezu kwe-tequila yegolide ngokudubula . Uma ufuna ikhwalithi, engabizi, konke-okuzungeze i-tequila ukugcina esitokisini, i-blanco iyindlela enhle kakhulu.
I-Joven noma i-Gold Tequila (i-Tipo 2): I- tequilas ye-Joven (i-young) noma i- oro (igolide) yiyo abajwayele abaningi abaphuzayo, ikakhulukazi uma uchitha noma nini wenza ama-tequila shots emashumini eminyaka edlule ekhulwini lama-20. Ama-tequila egolide anesibopho semicimbi eminingi emibi ye-tequila futhi yayisakazwa kakhulu e-US ngaleso sikhathi.
Lawa ma-tequila ajwayelekile angahlanganiswa ajwayelekile futhi ahlotshiswe futhi anekhanda nge-caramel, i-oak extract, i-glycerin, isiraphu, nezinye izithasiselo. Nakuba ama-tequila amaningi egolide ashiya into okufanele ayifune uma eqhathaniswa namanye amakilasi, kukhona manje amabhodlela amancane atholakalayo. Uma uzokuphuza i-tequila yegolide, unamathele kumakhocktails amaningi anomnandi noma (uma kufanele) udubule.
I-Reposado Tequila (i-Tipo 3): Ama- tequila aseReposado (aphumule) asebekhulile ezinkuni ezincane ezinyangeni ezimbili kanti abaningi baneminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye ubudala. Imiphongolo idonsa ama-flavour e-blanco ehlanzekile futhi ihambisa i-ove e-ove epholile futhi ibeka i-tequila umbala wayo womshini wokukhanya.
Kuye kwathandwa kakhulu ngama-distilleries kuze kube yiminyaka emidlalweni ye-tequilas emigqonyeni esetshenzisiwe ye-bourbon, enezela esinye isici ekunambithekeni okuphelile.
Okungabiza kakhulu kunama-blancos, i-reposado tequilas yindawo ephakathi kwezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezitholakale ukuthi manje ziyizinga elihle emgqeni we-tequila. Zinezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezanele zokusetshenziselwa inqwaba ye-tequila yokugqoka , ikakhulukazi labo abanama- flavour ekhanyayo njenge- margarita noma i- tequini . I-Reposados nayo yenza ama-tequilas amakhulu kakhulu .
I-Añejo Tequila (i-Tipo 4): I- Añejo tequila "i- tequila " endala. Lawa ma-tequila asebekhulile, ngokuvamile e-white oak, e-French oak noma emabhentshini asebourbon asetshenziselwa okungenani unyaka owodwa ukukhiqiza umoya omnyama, oqinile. Iningi le-añejos liphakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 neminyaka emithathu kanti ezinye zezinto ezingcono kakhulu zingakwazi ukuchitha iminyaka emine emigodini. Ama-tequileros amaningi akholelwa ukuthi ukuguga isikhathi eside kunokudlula iminyaka emine kucebhisa amathoni womhlaba we-flavor.
I-Añejo tequilas ijwayele ukubushelela kakhulu nge-balance balance ye-agave ne-oak. Ngokuvamile uzothola i-butterscotch ne-caramel undertones, okwenza lokhu kulungele ukusika ngokuqondile (kufakwe uma uthanda) noma kulabo ama-cocktails akhethekile kakhulu.
Ungafanisa i-añejo ne -brandy ephezulu ekugcineni noma i-whisky . Zama la ma-tequilas ngenhla ukuze uthole umuzwa wangempela we-aromas nama flavour. Njengoba kungenzeka kulindeleke, i-añejo tequilas ingenye yemali ebiza kakhulu emakethe, nakuba kunezinketho eziningi ezithengekayo ezitholakalayo.
I-Extra-Añejo Tequila (i-Tipo 5): Ukuguqulwa emakethe ye-tequila yeminyaka yamuva kuye kwaholela ekwakheni uhlobo lwesihlanu lwe-tequila, elibizwa ngokuthi i- extra-añejo noma i- muy añejo (eyadala).
Lawa ma-tequila achitha iminyaka engaphezu kwemine emiphongolweni futhi abe nephrofayli ephikisana namanye ama -whiskeys endala ongayithola. Ngokusobala, intengo yalezi tequilas ibonisa isikhathi sabo esingeziwe emgqonyeni futhi lezi yizo ozothola ukulondoloza ukusikwa okuqondile, ujabulele yonke into yesibili yalokho okuhlangenwe nakho.
Indlela Yokufunda Ithebula Le-Tequila
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-tequila emashalofini okugcina utshwala futhi ukhetha okulungile kungaba umsebenzi obangele. Nakhu ezinye zezinto ozothola kulo ilebula ezokusiza ukhethe okuhle. Khumbula ukuthi ukhokha lokho okutholayo.
- Thayipha (i-Tipo): i- Blanco, i-Gold, iReposado, i-Añejo, i-Extra-Añejo, i-Reserva de Casa (ngokuvamile i-añejos kumabhodlela amancane)
- Ukuhlanzeka: I- agave engu-100% kuphela ebhalwe ngaleyo ndlela. Uma ilebula ingasho ukuthi "i-100% agave" ngenye indlela, i-mixto.
- I-NOM: Ikhomba inombolo yokubhalisa yomshini we-distiller esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezikhiqizwa ngamasosha angama-70. Wonke amalebuli we-tequila adingeka ukuba abe ne-NOM. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leli ilebula lisho, i-NOM ayibonisi ikhwalithi.
- I-CRT: Isibonakaliso sokuthi uMkhandlu Wezokulawula We-Tequila (i-CRT) uqinisekisile umkhiqizo. Futhi, lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi, kusho ukuthi i-CRT iye yavuma inqubo yokukhiqiza yenkampani futhi lokhu kuyi-tequila ehloniphekile.
- Hecho eMexico: Yenziwe eMexico. I-100% ye-agave tequilas ingenziwa kuphela futhi ibhaliswe eMexico. I-Hecho nge-mano isho ukuthi "yenziwe ngezandla" futhi, ngenkathi engeyona i-term esemthethweni, ngokuvamile ibonisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza zendabuko.
- I-DOT: Inombolo yesonto noma isiqalo, esibonisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yaseMexico mayelana nokuthi umkhiqizo wenziwephi. Kungase kungabi kuwo wonke amalebula.
- Igama lomkhiqizo: Lona igama lomkhiqizo langempela (isib. Sauza, Jose Cuervo, Corazon) futhi alisho ukuthi ngubani owenza umkhiqizo ngoba ama-distilleries amaningi akhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi.
- Utshwala Okuqukethwe: I- Tequilas eMexico ngokuvamile i- 38 kuya kwezingamaphesenti angu-40 utshwala ngokwevolumu (ABV, ubufakazi obungama-76 kuya kwangu-80). Ngokomthetho, bangase babe namandla, kuze kube ngamaphesenti angu-50 ABV (ubufakazi obuyishumi).
Amakhemikhali amaningi Agave
I-Tequila yimoya eyaziwa kakhulu e-distilled eyenziwa isitshalo se-agave, nakuba akuyona eyedwa kuphela noma ngisho endala kunazo zonke. Amanye alawa amanye ama-liquor asekelwe e-agave, afana ne-mezcal, athola ukuhlonishwa okuvuselelwe futhi afinyelele ezimakethe nakwaphuza ngaphezulu.
I-Mezcal: Ngokungafani ne-tequila, i-mezcal ingasebenzisa noma yikuphi izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezivunyiwe zesitshalo se-agave futhi ine-flavour ekhangayo, njengama-Scotches avela ku-Islay. Ngokuyisisekelo, i- tequila iyinhlangano ye-mezcal , kodwa wonke ama-mezcals awayena i-tequila.
Lokhu futhi futhi lapho i- tequila worm of legend ifika endabeni. Ngenkathi isizathu singavamile, enye indaba yendaba ithi imbongolo yafakwa emabhodleleni ukufakazela ukuthi utshwala buphakeme ngokwanele ukuze kugcinwe isibungu. Isibungu ngokwawo yizibungu zamabhomu amabili ahlala esitshalweni se-agave futhi, njengabafana abaningi abafana abaye bafakazela, baphephile ukudla.
I-mezcals ephezulu yekhwalithi ayinayo imbungu. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-mezcal ibone ukwazisa okusha nokulandela okuzinikezele.
I-Pulque: I- Pulque ingumoya omdala owawudume kakhulu eMexico. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalo ne-tequila ne-mezcal ukuthi i-agave ayipheki ngaphambi kokukhipha ama-juice. Akatholakali emakethe yezebhizinisi, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi ungayithola emaphakathini ayisithupha emathini.
I-Sotol: I- Sotol iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yesifunda ye-mezcal esuka e-Chihuahua futhi yenziwe kwenye i-dasylirion ebizwa ngokuthi i-dasylirion. Kuvame ukuguga izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kungatholakali kutholakala ngaphandle kwesifunda sawo semvelaphi.
URaicilla: Ubizwa ngokuthi " rye-see-yah ," i-raicilla ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-moonshine yaseMexico. Kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu izivakashi ezivakashela iPurerta Vallarta lapho kusenziwa khona kuphela namuhla. I- Agave inaequidens yisitshalo esenziwa kuso. Kuze kube yamuva, bekungekho emthethweni ukwenza, kodwa ama-bootleggers agcina ephila phakathi neminyaka. Leli ngokuvamile lidakwa ngokuqondile, elifakiwe, noma nge-grapefruit soda (njenge- paloma ).
I-Baconara: I- Baconara inomlando ofana no-raicilla futhi yaqotshwa kuze kube ngo-1992. Yenziwa esifundeni seSoraora kusukela ku- Agave pacifica (noma i- Agave yaquinana ), egwazwe ngaphansi komhlaba emigodini enezintambo zasolwandle. Kuyinto engavamile ukuyithola ngaphandle kwesifunda.
Hlola i-Tequila kumuntu
I-Tequila ingenye yemimoya ethandeka kakhulu e-distilled etholakalayo. Ayikho indlela engcono yokuthola ukwaziswa okusha kokukhiqiza nomzamo ongena kuwo kunokuba uvakashele iMexico futhi uzibonele wena.
Uma unesithakazelo sokwenza lokho, hlola iwebhusayithi yeLa Ruta del Tequila. "I-Tequila Route" yakhelwe ukusiza abavakashi ukuthi bathole izidakamizwa ukuba bavakashele, bafunde ngokuhlola amasimu amahle ase-agave, nakho konke okudingayo ukuze uhlele uhambo lwakho ku-Jalisco. Uma ukhetha, thinta i-agent yakho yokuvakasha futhi bangathola iphakheji yokuvakasha.