I-Chocolate yikhiqizo ethandekayo, ethandwa futhi ewusizo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2,000. Kusukela emabhodleleni e-candy ukuze ubisike ubisi, ikhofi kumvukuzane, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyenzeka ngempela ukugembula. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi ukwelashwa okuhlwabusayo ukuba kube i-aphrodisiac; abanye bakhomba izimfanelo zawo zokwelapha. Okusanda kuvela eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Australia, eqinisweni, bathole ukuthi i-chocolate ukusetshenziswa ingasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Umlando
Ushokolethi uvela emthini we-coacao tree owavela emahlathini aseMelika aseNingizimu naseCentral. Abantu baseMaya nabase-Aztec baqala ukusebenzisa imbewu ngokuyicindezela ukuba baphuze isiphuzo esiphundu, esineqhwa, esinomunyu. Ngama-1500, abahloli bamazwe baseSpain babuyisa imbewu ekuhambeni kwabo eSpain lapho iziphuzo ze-chocolate zaba yizintandokazi zabacebile nababukhosi. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-100 kamuva, lokhu kudla okumnandi - okuyinto ebiza kakhulu nokusebenza ngokujulile ukukhiqiza - kwaziswa kwabacebile kwezinye izizwe zaseYurophu.
Ngokuyinhloko, kwakuyi-revolution yezimboni - nokusungulwa komshini we-cocoa ngo-1828 - okwasiza ukuletha ushokolethi emphakathini jikelele. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezibizayo ezivuthiwe zavumela ukuthi ushokoledi ube yi-mass-akhiqizwa ngendlela engabizi, eqinile. Ukubaluleka kwaphakama ngisho nangaphezulu lapho, ngo-1875, uDaniel Peter kaNestlé wafaka ubisi oluncibilikile ekuxukeni, okwenza "ushokoledi ubisi" obushelelekile obushelelekile. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1900 ushokoledi wawutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu.
Namuhla, ushokoledi yingxenye eqinile yomnotho wemakethe jikelele.
Umuthi we Chocolate
Izihlahla ze-Koaca zincane, "izihlahla ezingaphansi kwe-understory" ezikhulayo ngaphansi kwe-canopy engenhla ye-rainforest lapho zingathola khona ukulinganisela okuhle komthunzi, umswakama, nezakhi. Izimpukane ezincane, azikhudlwana kunenhloko yephini, okuthiwa i-midges, zihlala ezindaweni ezidakayo zezitshalo ze-rainforest, futhi zivotele izimbali zomuthi we-coacao, ekugcineni zikhiqize ama-pods agcwele imbewu engama-50 yenkhola ngayinye!
Kuthatha isikhathi, izimbali zivela esihlahleni sekhokho ngemva kweminyaka engamahlanu yokukhula.
Ukusuka Emthini Kuya Etafuleni Lakho
Naphezu kwezinto zobuchwepheshe, imbewu ye-coacao isagciniwe, ivutshiwe-ama-bananas angamaqabunga-futhi amiswe ngesandla. Iningi lakhokho lihlonywa ngabalimi emahlathini ase-rainforests eduze kwe-equator futhi bathengiselwa izinkampani zokucubungula ushokoledi emhlabeni wonke.
Ngesinye isikhathi emgqeni womhlangano wefektri, lezi zinhlamvu zigajwa, bese zivuliwe zivulekile ukuze zikhulule "i-nibs," engaphansi komhlaba yokwenza ushokoledi utshwala (ingxube engeyona utshwala we-chocolate liquid kanye neziqhumane). Okulandelayo, kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina, utshwala buxubene nobisi noshukela kanye nebhokisi le-cocoa eyengeziwe, bese kuhlanjululwa ngenqubo yokuhlanganisa.
Izinhlanganisela ezinhlobonhlobo zekhokho zixutshwe ukuze zenze ama-flavour amasha newomnandi, njenge-chocolate enomlilo, equkethe okungenani u-35% ushokoledi omningi, ushokoledi omnyama, oqukethe utshwala obunamaphesenti angu-15 kuya ku-35, kanye ne-chocolate we-milk, equkethe ngaphansi kuka-15% utshwala. Ikholethi elimhlophe liqukethe ibhotela le-cocoa, kodwa akukho utshwala okhokholethi.
I-chocolate amaningi ivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lwe-cocoa - forastero (okuyi-90% ye-ushokoledi womhlaba), i-criollo (nzima ukukhula kepha iqukethe iphunga elimnandi kune-forastero) ne-trinitario (inhlanganisela ye-forastero andcriollo).
Ngeshwa, iningi lekhokhoji yanamuhla isakhula "emasimini alanga," ahlanjululwe, amasimu angaxhunyiwe okwandisa ukukhula futhi akhiqize ukhokho omkhulu isikhathi esincane. Ukukhipha imvula yehlathi kungaphazamisi umjikelezo womuthi we-coacao okhulayo, kodwa kuphazamisa ukulinganisela okunempilo kwamahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zekhokho ezikhulile emasimini alanga kakhulu ezinambuzane futhi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane kanye nomanyolo.
Ngenhlanhla, ukulima okunomsoco okuqhubekayo kwenzeka enhlobonhlobo yemvelo ehlukahlukene yemvula. Kunezinzuzo eziningi ezihlanganisa imali engenayo eyengeziwe emayelana nokulima kwezitshalo, izindleko zokugcina eziphansi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside semithi.
Izinzuzo zezeMpilo
Kunamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-300 ushokoledi, futhi ososayensi bahlale bethola ulwazi olusha ngabo nokuthi basebenza kanjani emzimbeni womuntu.
Ucwaningo lwemitholampilo yaseMayo, isibonelo, lithole ukuthi i-tshokolethi iqukethe i-staric acid, engamafutha angathathi hlangothi engakhuphuki i-cholesterol ye-LDL. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwaveza imiphumela ye-antioxidant ye-chocolate emnyama kanye nezakhiwo zayo eziphakamisa imizwelo. Ngokudla okunomsoco, i-1.5-ounce ekhonza ubisi ushokoledi iqukethe cishe ama-3 amagremu amaprotheni, kanye namaphesenti amancane we riboflavin, calcium, ne-iron. Amagremu ayi-100 e-cocoa aqukethe umthamo wokumamatheka okwe-13,120 we-oksijeni (ORAC), okulinganiselwe amandla okulwa ne-antioxidant. Ama-antioxidants angakwazi ukuthuthukisa impilo yonke, aphuze ukuqala kwezifo eziningi ezihlobene nobudala, ukunciphisa ingozi yamanye amagciwane, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, nokuningi.
Okuningi ku-Chocolate neSebenzi Yokwengqondo
Ukudla ushokoledi kungasisiza sigcine sigxile ekugugeni, ngokusho kwesifundo, eshicilelwe encwadini ye-Hypertension. Ucwaningo lwaluvivinya ukuthi i-flavanol yokudla (kusuka e-chocolate) ingase ithuthukise umsebenzi wokuqonda engqondweni yabantu asebekhulile abanokukhubazeka okunengqondo (MCI), okungabandakanya ubunzima ngememori, ulimi, ukucabanga noma isahlulelo.
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi labo abadla amazinga aphezulu noma ayenziwayo e-cocoa flavanols ezinyangeni ezingu-2 babe nokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekuhloleni okuhlolisayo okuhlolisayo, kanye nokwehla kokumelana nokukhishwa kwe-insulini, okungukuthi umgomo wokushukela wegazi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengcindezi yegazi, uma kuqhathaniswa ne labo abadla imali encane kuphela.
I-Flavanols uhlobo lwe-flavonoid, i-phytochemical noma isitshalo sezitshalo ezihambisana nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ze-cocoa. I-Flavonoids itholakala nasezithelo eziningi nemifino eminingi ehlotshisiwe; Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi i-flavonoids nayo ine-anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, kanye nokulwa nomdlavuza.
I-Chocolate ne-Blood Pressure yakho
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta, eyanyatheliswa ku-The Cochrane Library, ibheke idatha kusuka ezifundweni ezingu-20 ezishicilelwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi zathola ukuthi labo abadla imikhiqizo ye-cocoa e-flavanol nsuku zonke, ngamasonto ambalwa, babona ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwehla cishe ngamabili noma amaphuzu amathathu, okuyinto, ngokuhambisana nokudla okunempilo nokuphila okunempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho.
Izinzuzo Eziningi zeMpilo Yenhliziyo
Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta kokuhlolwa okulawulwayo, okushicilelwe okokuqala ekupheleni kuka-2011, bese kulandelwa esinye isifundo esanyatheliswa ku-American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ngoJanuwari kulonyaka, "sihlolisise umphumela we-cocoa e-flavonoid ecebile nayo yonke izici zengozi yengqondo. " Ukutholakala kokubuyekezwa kwamaphepha angu-24 nabangu-1106 ababambiqhaza, njengoba kubikiwe kuyi-Journal of Nutrition, kubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocoa kwandise ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ukumelana ne-insulini, amaphrofayili e-lipid nokuhlanjululwa kwamagciwane amaningi. Umzila ophezulu? Zonke izindaba ezibonakala zihle ezinhlelweni zethu zenhliziyo. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwaba khona iziqephu ezintsha zezihloko ezishaya ushokoledi njengezigqila zakamuva zakamuva.
Chocolate for Health Brain
Ucwaningo oluvela eSikoleni Se-University of Psychology and Clinical Languages Sciences ku-UK lwathola ukuthi ukudla i-cocoa flavanols kungathuthukisa izici zeso nesobuchopho ukusebenza. Ucwaningo lubheka ukudla okunamandla kwe-cocoa flavanols bese kuhlolwe umbono wombono nokusebenza kwengqondo futhi wathola ukuthi bobabili baphuthukisiwe.
Bese ukhumbula
Izinhlobonhlobo zocwaningo ezibonisa izinzuzo eziningi zezempilo zikaCocoa zithembisa impilo enhle, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akuwona wonke imikhiqizo ye-chocolate edalwe elinganayo. Nakuba wonke ushokoledi uqukethe ama-flavonoids, ushokoledi omnyama osetshenziswe kancane kancane nokudla kwama-cocoa uphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-70 uyona ongakhetha kakhulu. Okuphakeme kwephesenti ye-cocoa, i-flavanols engaphezulu ne-antioxidants equkethe. Futhi ungathenga ukhokho noma i-cocoa powder engasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuyibeka embonweni, ukuthola izinzuzo zempilo yenhliziyo kusuka ku-cocoa flavanols kuzodingeka udle amabhaleta angu-33 yobisi ngosuku! Izindaba ezinhle? Ukushintshela kumshokoledi omnyama kusho ukudla kuphela imigoqo engu-8 kuya kwengu-9 nsuku zonke. Wink, wink!
Khumbula ukuthi okuqukethwe ushukela we-chocolate bar yakho kuzokwenqabela izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene-ngakho cabanga ngokungeza kancane i-cocoa powder ku-smoothies, i-yogurt ecacile, i-oatmeal yakho yasekuseni noma i-cottage shizi, futhi kungani kungenzi inkukhu ye-inkukhu, isiko saseMexico isidlo esihlanganisa isobho esenziwe nge-cocoa powder. Noma ungazama ukwakha i-pudding ye-chocolate nge banana ebhodisiwe, i-avocado, i-cocoa powder kanye nanoma yimaphi ama-stevia.
Ngokuvamile, ushokoledi odlayo uma ususelwe kancane futhi uhlanzekile, ungafaka izinzuzo eziningi zempilo kwindlela yakho yansuku zonke.