Imikhuba yeNicotine eThekwini

Uma sicabanga ngokudla okunempilo kanye neziphuzo, izithelo, i-teas, nemifino ngokuvamile ziphakathi kwazo. Nakuba lezi zokudla neziphuzo ngokuvamile zinikeza izinzuzo zokudla okunempilo, eziningi zazo zinamakhemikhali amaningi ahlukahlukene njenge-monocalcium phosphate, i-sodium benzoate, ne-phosphoric acid.

I-Nicotine yinye isakhi esitholakala ekudleni nasekuphuzeni. Eqinisweni, umuthi wokulutha utholakala kugwayi, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane, ukholifulawa kanye netiyi .

Iyini iNicotine

I-Nicotine iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali (C10H14N2) enethonya elinamandla emzimbeni wesintu nesilwane kanye neurology. Njengoba i-alkaloid yomswakama ngokwemvelo, inezindawo ezihlobene nalabo abakwe-caffeine. I-Nicotine ihlelwe njengento evuselelayo futhi ingahle ibe yinto yokudambisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Iningi labantu abathola i-nicotine ngokusebenzisa ukubhema, ukuqhuma, noma i-nicotine ama-patches bakuthola bephumule. Itholakala nasemifino ehlobene ne-nightshade ebulalayo, isitshalo se-Belladonna esinesifo se-atropine esinobuthi, njengamatamatisi nama-pepper capsicum.

Inkinga NgeNicotine

Ngezilinganiso ezinkulu, i-nicotine inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingaba yingozi. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwathola ukuthi umthelela we-nikotine uma ungahlotshaniswa nokubhema usalimaza:

"I-Nicotine ibangela izingozi eziningana zempilo. Kukhona ingozi eyengeziwe yokwehla kwesifo senhliziyo, ukuphefumula, ukuphazamiseka kwamathunjini. Kunciphisa ukuphendula kwamagciwane futhi kubangela nemithelela emibi empilweni yokuzala.Ithinta ukusabalala kwamaseli, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, i-apoptosis, ukuguquguquka kwe-DNA izindlela ezehlukene eziholela emdlalweni. Kuphinde kuthinte ukwanda kwe-tumor kanye ne-metastasis futhi kubangele ukumelana nama-chemo kanye nama-radiotherapy agents. " - I-Indian Journal yezokwelapha kanye nezingane eziphathelene ne-Oncology

Ukulutha komuthi we-Nicotine kunomthwalo wemfanelo wokubheja ukubhema ugwayi. Ugwayi uqukethe cishe ama-milligram ayi-10 e-nicotine. Kodwa-ke, i-milligram eyodwa kuphela noma amabili ifakwe ngqo uma umuntu egwaya ugwayi, futhi i-milligram eyodwa kuphela ye-nicotine igxila ngaphezu kwamahora amathathu okubandakanya "ukungabhemi ukubhema" emgumbini onomsila omncane wokubhema ugwayi.

I-Nicotine Ekudleni

I-Nicotine yenza ngokwemvelo kokudla okunye futhi ingangena kwezinye izitshalo ezisekelwe emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, inani le-nicotine ongayisebenzisa ekudleni okunjalo lincane. Abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi i-nicotine ekudleni ingabangela ukufisa ugwayi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi iphansi kakhulu.

Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), "Ukuqukethwe KwamaNicotine Yemifino Ejwayelekile," bathola ukuthi amagremu ayi-10 e-isitshalo seqanda aqukethe i-microgram eyodwa ye-nicotine, kuyilapho 19.2 amagremu ama-utamatisi ahlanzekile aqukethe izinga elifanayo le-nicotine. Kuthatha ama-micrograms angu-1000 kumlingana we-milligram, ngakho-ke kufanele udle ama-kilogram ayi-10 (noma cishe amapremu angu-22 we-isitshalo seqanda) ukungenisa i-nicotine eningi njengoba ungathola emahoreni amathathu omsi ophansi.

I-Nicotine e-Tea

Izimangalo zesayensi ezungeze amazinga we-nicotine etafuleni kusukela ekutheni / engekho ezingeni ezingu-285 ze-nicotine ngegremu yetiyi esitokisini esisheshayo kanye ne-nanogram engama-gramu wetiyi omnyama (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlala njalo noma iyancipha). Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-1999 nge-nicotine etaweni nasemifino luthi,

"Ukutholakala kwe-nicotine emaqabeni etiye kwakutholakala ukuthi kuyashintsha kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunkulu kakhulu kunezithelo ze-Solanaceae [njengama-eggplants, amazambane, notamatisi]."

Kodwa-ke, isifundo se-NEJM asizange sithole i-nicotine elinganiswayo itiye elimnyama elithengiwe esitolo esivamile ( cishe izikhwama zetiyi ). Uma lesi simo sibi njengezicelo zokuqala zokutadisha, kungathatha amakhilogremu angu-3.5 (ithrekhi engaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-7) we-tea esheshayo, enezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-nicotine esifundweni, ukunikeza i-microgram eyodwa ye-nicotine-eyinani uzothola esimisweni somusi wesimanje esincane.

Iphuzo lokuphuza esikhathini esizayo

Uma itiye iqukethe i-nicotine, amazinga aphansi kakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi lezi zinga azikho eziphakemeyo ngokwanele ukuze zithinte ukusetshenziswa kwegwayi noma izifiso zokubhema. Ukwengeza, ososayensi abaningana baye babonisa ukuthi ukumuncwa kwe-nicotine emaphashini kuhluke kakhulu ekumuneni kwe-nicotine ngokugaya. Ngakho-ke, umthelela empilweni yakho njengomuntu obhemayo, ongewona obhemayo, noma obhemayo wangaphambili kufanele abe onganaki, futhi cishe uyobe ekhululekile kakhulu yizinzuzo zezempilo eziningi zetiyi.

Uma usalokhu ukhathazekile ngokuthola umlutha we-nicotine okungenzeka noma engeke ibe itiye, ungabi khona. Ukwazi ukubhekana nokulutha kwe-caffeine (kanye nokulutha ushukela uma ufaka ushukela eteti lakho) kunokuba ube nezinkinga nge-nicotine itiye.

> Imithombo:

• > Benowitz, N., Hukkanen, J., Jacob, P. (2009). > I-Nicotine Chemistry, i-Metabolism, i-Kinetics, ne-Biomarker. I-Nicotine Psychopharmacology, iphele 29-60 (i-HEP, ivolumu 192).
• > Mishra, A., Chaturvedi, P., Datta, S., Sinukumar, S., Joshi, P., & Garg, A. (2015). Imiphumela emibi ye-nicotine. I-Indian Journal of Medical and Pediatric Oncology: Journal Official of Indian Society of Medical & Pediatric Oncology , 36 (1), 24-31.
• > Siegmund, B. et al. Ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe kwe-nicotine ye-nightshades ehlukahlukene edlayo (i-Solanaceae) nemikhiqizo yabo nokulinganisa kokudla okuhlobene okuhambisana ne-nicotine. I-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1999 47 (8), 3113-3120.
• > Thräne, C. et al. Ukunqunywa kwe-nicotine itiye ( Camellia sinensis ) yi-LC-ESI-MS / MS usebenzisa indlela eguquliwe ye-QuEChERS. Agasti 2015, Umqulu 241, Issue 2, iphepha 227-232