I-Butter (isiJalimane: "i-Butter die") yenziwe nge-butterfatfat ekhilimu lezinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo). I-butterfat (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-milk fat) itholakala kuma-globules amancane, azungeze i-membrane ye-phospholipids nama-lipoprotein. I-lipids, noma amafutha afaka phakathi nendawo ye-globule, kuyilapho ama-phosphates noma amaprotheni anjengamanzi amanzi angaphandle kwama-globules. Lokhu kwenza amabhola amancane (0.1 kuya ku-1 micron ububanzi) azinzile.
Uma ukhiqizwa, ukhilimu uba u-foamy (ukhilimu ohlutshiwe), okusho ukuthi ama-bubbles air form kanye nama-globules amafutha afaka ama-bubbles emoyeni. Uma zihlangene ndawonye isikhathi eside nangamazinga aphezulu okushisa (55-65 ° F) kunokuthi uma wenza ukhilimu ophehliwe (cishe u-40 ° F), izingqamuzana ze-globule zihlukanisa futhi zihambisana namanye ama-globules.
Nciphisa ama-globules amafutha emanzini emulsion futhi abe ama-molecule emanzini, ahlukanisa nengxenye enkulu yamanzi nobisi obisi (amasondo). Ngokupholisa ngokucophelela nokucubungula okwedlulele ngalesi sikhathi, ibhotela iba inani elikhulu lamafutha amorphous, ngamanzi amancane, amaqembu amancane amakhemikhali yobisi kanye nama-globules ambalwa, asele asele. Yilokho okwenza ubhotela busheleleke futhi buhle futhi abukhuni futhi bunzima.
I-bhotela ihlukaniswe ne-buttermilk futhi ibhotela ingahlanzwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo zayo zokugcina. Khona-ke usawoti (uma wenza ibhotela elisawoti) futhi wasebenza ukwenza ngcono ukuvumelana.
Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe kulokhu, sicela ubheke Isiboniso se-Butterfly sika-USDA.
Ukungafani Phakathi Kwe-German Butter ne-North America Butter
Imithetho yase-US naseCanada ibiza amanani angama-80% obisi lwe-milk in butterfly, nezinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza ibhotela ngokwesilinganiso samafutha angu-81% obisi (80-82%).
Imithetho yesiJalimane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ichaza amafutha okubisi angaphansi kuka-82% (noma i-butterfat) futhi ibhotela livame ukukhiqizwa ngamafutha angama-85%.
IJalimane iphinde ithengise ibhotela enamasiko amaningi, kodwa iningi lebhotela eNyakatho Melika li-butter cream butter.
Indlela I-Butter Yokuhlwanyelwa Yenziwe Ngayo
Ibhotela elihlwanyelwe (i-soured), noma ibhotela laseYurophu ("kufa uSauerrahmbutter") lenziwa ngokufaka isikhilimu amahora angaba ngu-16 phambi kwamabhaktheriya akhula ngokukhethekile kwimikhiqizo yobisi emuncu (njengalapho wenza i-quark, i-yogurt noma ukhilimu omuncu) . Ngemuva kokufakelwa ukufakelwa ngaphakathi kukhishwa ngendlela evamile. I-pH yale bhotela kumele ilale phakathi kuka-5.1 no-6.4.
Olunye uhlobo lwebhotela laseYurophu lanezela amabhaktheriya ngemva kokuba ibhotela likhishwe futhi libizwa ngokuthi "i-butter mildgesäuerte" ngesiJalimane (ibhotela elinobuhle). Ngenxa yokuthi okuningi ketshezi kakade kuthulisiwe, umkhiqizo uncane futhi uthatha indawo encane yokubamba iqhaza, ukonga imali yenkampani. Le bhotela kumele ibe ne-pH engaphansi kuka-6.4, okusho ukuthi i-acidic encane (i-tart engaphansi) kune "Sauerrahmbutter" okukhulunywe ngenhla.
Iyiphi i-Butter engcono kakhulu?
Ama-bakers avame ukukhetha ibhotela ngamanoni aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ama- puff pastry nama-laminated pastries. Bafuna ibhotela elingenalutho ukuze bakwazi ukulawula okuqukethwe kasawoti emkhiqizo wabo ophekiwe. Ukuqukethwe kosawoti kuma-butters anosawoti (kokubili ama-butters ama-sweet and aromatic soured) angahluka kusuka ku-0.4% kuya ku-4%, kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizi.
Ibhotela elithambile ngokuvamile likhethwa etafuleni nasekuqedeni izitsha.
I-butter cream ye-sweet cream ingcono kumasila wokubopha, ngoba ayifuni ngokushesha njengoba ibhotela elikhulile futhi ibonakala libopha kangcono. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukunambitheka kwebhotela elimnandi noma elikhuliswe kuncike lapho ukhule khona nokuthi yini oyithandayo. Abaningi baseMelika bathola ibhotela elikhulile ukuba libe yinto encane kakhulu ngoba bakhule ne-butter cream butter.
Uhlobo lwezitsha ze-Butter ne-Butter
Ibhotela yaseNyakatho Melika (bheka isithombe) kubathengi ngokuvamile ifika emaphakheji amade aqoshiwe ama-ounces angu-4 ngamunye (cishe amagremu angu-100). Etshonalanga ye-United States, izinti zingase zibe mfushane futhi zikhulu. Izitsha ze-Butter zenziwe ukuze zivumelane nalesi sikhulu sebhotela.
EJalimane futhi iningi le-European Union, ibhotela ifakwe ku-250 gram (cishe ama-ounces angu-9), imigoqo ehlanganisiwe, kufana ne-cream ushizi e-US.
Nansi isithombe sebhotela laseJalimane esitsheni se-bhotela saseJalimane.
Kuphi Ukuthenga Butter Style YaseYurophu
Kukhona abakhiqizi abaningana base-US abenza ibhotela le-European style.
- I-Organic Valley yaseYurophu ibhotela elikhuliswe - 84% ibhotela.
- I-Plugra - 82% ye-butterfat - ukhilimu omnandi.
- I-Straus Family Creamery - I-85% ye-butterfat - enhle, ayikhokhiwe-ukuhlelwa kwe-intanethi
- I-Vermont Butter and Cheese Creamery - I-86% ye-butterfat - ikhuliswe, isitolo se-intanethi.
Iningi lala mkhiqizo litholakala ezitolo zokudla zemvelo ezifana ne-Whole Foods Market noma i-Natural Grocers. I-Plugra ingayithola ngezikhathi ezithile ezitolo ezinkulu.
Kuyini i-Butterschmalz?
"I-Butterschmalz" ichazwa ibhotela (nansi isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuhambisa ibhotela) noma ibhotela eyancibilika, okuvumela amanzi ukuba abilise futhi ubisi obumnyama obuzohlukanisa. Skim ubisi obumnyama obusuka phezulu nalokho okusele bucaciswa ibhotela. Igcina isikhathi eside kunebhotela futhi ingashisi kalula lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa okuphezulu.
Kukhona umkhiqizo eJalimane obizwa ngokuthi "i-Butterschmalz" okunciphisa uhlobo oluthile lokunciphisa ibhotela. Mhlawumbe i-Crisco ekhethwe ibhotela ingaba yindawo engcono. I-Ghee ifana nebhotela elicacisiwe, ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlayiya zobisi zivunyelwe ukuba zibomvu, zinike amafutha isiphuzo esihle somuncu. Uma unesikhathi esifushane, sebenzisa ibhotela lesigamu, amafutha angamahhafu kunoma yisiphi isinyathelo sokunambitha noma sokunambitheka njengengxenye ye "Butterschmalz." Amafutha agcina ibhotela lingavuthi kodwa ligcina iphunga layo.