I-La Rioja Alavesa ne-Three Txakoli DOs
Izwe laseBasque, uMphakathi Wokuzimela enyakatho yeSpain, lihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezintathu Álava, Guipuzcoa naseVizcaya. Lihlala ekupheleni okude kakhulu entshonalanga yomngcele waseSpain neFrance, lapho amaPyrenees eNtaba elele khona futhi enogwini olungamakhilomitha amaningi eBay of Biscay. Abantu baseBasque bazimele ngokuziqhenya, benesiko sabo kanye nolimi oluhlukile. Nakuba emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, i- Pais Vasco , njengoba ibizwa ngeSpanishi ibilokhu idumile ngokudla kwayo, iwayini layo lisaziwa.
Ukwenza iwayini akuyona into entsha kuma-Basques. Njengazo zonke izingxenye zaseSpain, izivini zasezweni laseBasque ziye zahlulwa kusukela e-Peninsula yase-Iberia yayiyingxenye yoMbuso WaseRoma. Kubonakala sengathi kufanelekile ukuthi iningi lewayini elikhiqizwa esifundeni yiwayini elilula, elimhlophe, elimhlophe, njengoba iBasques beyibadobi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, futhi kunezinhlanzi eziningi zendabuko nezindawo zokudla zasolwandle ezitsheni zaseBasque. Kukhona okwamanje ama- Denominaciones de Origen noma ama-DOs amane.
Rioja Alavesa
Le ndawo yindawo engaphansi kwesifunda sewayini esidumile se-Rioja nama-akhawunti angama-21% we-Rioja efanelekile i-DO. Itholakala enqamula eningizimu yezwe laseBasque, emgwaqweni wesiFulentshi weCamino de Santiago. Ngokusho "Umhlahlandlela WaseBasque Cuisine," eyanyatheliswa uHulumeni waseBasque, iRioja Alavesa yathonya ngisho nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwewayini phakathi neminyaka eminingi, ngoba imiyalo yenkolo eyayitholakala lapho yakhuthaza ubuciko bokuzenzela iwayini.
Iningi lezivini zaseRioja Alavesa lisezintabeni zaseSierra de Toloño. Inhlabathi iyimpofu futhi iqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu ngobumba kanye ne-limestone, ngakho-ke imivini itshalwe kude. Amawayini akhiqizwa lapha anomzimba ogcwele kanye ne-asidi ephakeme kunezinye izifunda ezingaphansi kweRioja. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa iwayini elibomvu laleyo ndawo ziyi-Tempranillo ne-Graciano, kuyilapho i-Viura yamagilebhisi isetshenziswa emavinini amhlophe.
Iningi le-Rioja Alavesa wineries isebenzisa i-Tempranillo, ihlangene nemali encane yeVra grape (okungaphansi kuka-15% evunyelwe), okuyinto ehlisa umbala futhi ikhulise i-asidi yewayini.
Isici esingavamile esisetshenziswe kaningi ekwenzeni iwayini lendawo yilezi ze-carbonic maceration, noma i- maseración carbonica , lapho izithelo zomvini zingabhidlizwa noma zichotshozwe ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. E-Rioja Alavesa, amagilebhisi afakwa emavatsheni amakhulu avulekile futhi aneziqu. Eminye amajikijolo ayaqhamuka futhi ijusi lawo lishaya phansi. Imvubelo ekhona ngokwemvelo ebusweni bomvini iqala ukuvutshelwa. Le nqubo ye-carbonic maceration kuthiwa ikhiqiza iwayini "elithambile futhi elinenhlanhla."
Kukhona ama-bodegas angu-125 noma abakhiqizi bewayini e-Rioja Alavesa DO okuyi-ABRA (Association of Wineries yaseRioja Alavesa), eyasungulwa ngo-1990. Lezo zinezimboni zikhiqiza amalitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 zewayini minyaka yonke. Ukuze uthole uhlu lwamakhompiyutha nolwazi oluningi mayelana nendawo, vakashela i-Association of Wineries ye-Rioja Alavesa iwebhusayithi.
I-Txakoli DOs
I-Txakoli , noma ngesiSpain i-wine iwayini elikhiqizwa eduze nogu lwaseBasque. Izivini kule ndawo zitholakala ngaphezu kolwandle kunesimo sezulu esilula. I-Chacolí iwayini elincane, elineminyaka elilodwa elenziwe ngezwe laseBasque amakhulu eminyaka.
Ngokuvamile kukhanya, kuluhlaza futhi kukhanyisa kancane, kunamabala aluhlaza, i-asidi ephezulu, nokuqukethwe okwephuza okuphansi. Ngokuvame ukwenziwa kusuka kumvini weHondarribi Zuri. Ngenxa yokuthi iwayini elimhlophe elimhlophe, livame ukubhankwa nezinhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezivela esifundeni. Njengamanje, amabhodlela angaba yizigidi ezingu-3.5 akhiqizwa ngonyaka. Kunezinto ezintathu ezihlukene zeTxakoli DOs - Getaria Txakoli, Bizkaia (Vizcaya) Txakoli no-Alava Txakoli.
- I-Txakoli de Getaria DO - Iwayini elikhiqizwa lapha liyiwayini elincane, elimibalabala, eliluhlaza. I-acidic kancane ngokuqukethwe okwephuzo oluphakathi kuka-10.5%. I-Ondarribi Zuri yamagilebhisi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwewayini elimhlophe (80 - 90%) ngenkathi umvini we-Ondarribi Beltza isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwewayini lonke lesifunda, okungukuthi i-rosé newayini elibomvu. I-Getaria Txakoli isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngokuyithelela phezulu esibukweni, njenge-cider Asturian. Isici esingavamile sokukhiqizwa kwewayini le-Txakoli lapha ukuthi iwayini lishiywe ukuhlala emanzini alo (imvubelo eseleyo) futhi ayishukunyiswa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe iwayini elincane. Isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa ngonyaka ngonyaka weDenomination of Origin cishe amabhodlela amabili ayizigidi.
- I-Txakolí de Álava DO - indawo ehlala e-Ayala Valley, enyakatho ye-Alava. Ukulima kwewayini lapha izinsuku zekhulu lokuqala AD. Amagilebhisi amakhulu asetshenziswa nguOndarribi Zuri no-Ondarribi Beltza. Le-DO ibonile ukukhiqizwa kwanda kabili eminyakeni engu-20 edlule. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwale Nhlobo Yewayini Lokuqala kuyizingu-300 000.
- I-Txakoli de Bizkaia DO - Ikhulile ezivini ezincane ezihlakazekile kulo lonke izwe laseBizkaia (i-Vizcaya ngesiSpanishi), ngokuvamile lihlala phansi, elisezintabeni ezibheke eningizimu eduze nogu. Kuyinto iwayini elincane, elenziwe no-Ondarrabi Zuri no-Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia noMune Mahatsa. Ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke yilezi amabhodlela angu-1,200,000. Ukungajwayelekile futhi kunzima ukuthola iTxiakoli obomvu kukhishwa lapha, kunamathoni amnyama futhi kuyaziwa ngokuthi "Ojo Gallo."
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana namawayini asezweni laseBasque, vakashela amawebhusayithi e-Regulating Councils ohlwini ngezansi. Ngamunye wabo ufundisa, unezithombe zezindawo ezinhle, nekhono lokushintsha ulimi eSpanishi, isiNgisi, ne-Euskara (Basque):
- Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Okuningi okuvela kumbhali Consejo Regulador Denominación de Origen: Arabako Txakolina - Txakoli de Álava
- Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Okuningi okuvela kumbhali Consejo Regulador Denominación de Origen: Bizkaiko Txakolina - Txakoli de Bizkaia
- Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Okuningi okuvela kumbhali Consejo Regulador Denominación de Origen: Getariako Txakolina - Txakoli de Getaria