Ithebula lewayini lase-Italy ngokuvamile lizofaka ulwazi oluthile: igama le-winery, mhlawumbe negama lesivini esakhiqiza amagilebhisi, ukuvuna (unyaka lapho iwayini lenziwe khona), noma isifingqo (isib. DOC, DOCG) noma inkulumo (Vino da Tavola) ekhombisa isigaba.
Uke wazibuza ukuthi iwayini le-DOC liyini, nokuthi lihluke kanjani, isibonelo, i-Vino da Tavola?
Izigaba ezine ezinkulu zewayini lase-Italian, kanye nezifinyezo zabo ezihambelanayo, yizi:
- I-Vino da Tavola (VdT)
- I-Vino i-Indicazione Geografica (IGT)
- I-Vino i-Denominazione di Origine Controllata (i-DOC)
- Vino a Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)
I-Vino da Tavola (VdT) ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi "iwayini letafula" futhi iwayini elihloswe ukuphuza kwansuku zonke, inqubo yokukhiqiza yayo ivinjelwe yimithetho embalwa kakhulu nemithethonqubo, ngaphandle kokuthi izinto ezingabi zinobuhlungu. Lezi zinsuku, amawayini amaningi asetafuleni ase-Italia ayinamahloni, alula, abuthakathaka futhi aqinile, uhlobo lwewayini oluvame ukuthengiswa kuma-jugs futhi manje lithengiswa ku-Tetra Paks. I-Tavernello isibonelo esihle salolu hlobo lwewayini.
Esikhathini esedlule, nokho, kwakunezinye izici ezikhangayo ezenziwe yi- vini da tavola , eyenziwe ngabakhiqizi abahle kakhulu abazimisele ukwenza into engafaneleki isimo esiphakeme ngenxa nje yokuthi yenziwe kanjani noma indlela eyenziwe ngayo.
Isibonelo, u-Tignanello VdT, umkhiqizi wewayini waseTuscan owaziwa futhi ohlonishwayo, u-Antinori, wayeyiwayini elibomvu elikhulu eliqukethe i-Cabernet kakhulu ukuze afaneleke njenge-Chianti Classico. U-Sangioveto VdT, kusukela komunye umkhiqizi owaziwayo waseTuscan, u-Badia u-Coltibuono, wabizwa ngegama lomvini, ngakho-ke akakwazanga ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Chianti Classico nakuba eqinisweni, ejwayelekile kakhulu - futhi enhle kakhulu.
Nakuba iningi le-Stellar Vini da Tavola laliyiTuscan, abakhiqizi abaningi basePiemontese baqala ukuzama nabo. Kodwa-ke, kuyilapho amaTuscans ahlanganisa iSangiovese enezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi (ngokuvamile iCabernet noma i-Merlot), noma amagilebhisi aseFrance asetshenziselwe wona (isibonelo, iColzione de Marchi L'Eremo, iSyra, noma iPontodi's Pinot Noir), ePiemonte bahlangana neNebbiolo no-Barbera, ngaphansi komqondo wokuthi i-Nebbiolo izohlinzeka ama-tannins, kuyilapho i-Barbera izohlinzeka nge-acidity (isibonelo, uGiorgio Rivetti's Pin). Ngamafuphi, esikhathini esedlule, noVino da Tavola ungathola "i-plonk" ... noma into emangalisayo.
Njengoba ngishilo, i-Vdt eyenziwe namuhla iningi liyi-plonk, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithetho yaguqulwa ukuze ivinjelwe ukufaka isivini kumawayini we-VdT. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe yonke iwayini lekhwalithi elaliyi-VdT manje ibhaliswe njenge-IGT, okuyingcosana okungeyona iwayini eyenziwe ngezindlela ezingahambisani nemigomo ye-IGT. Isibonelo, okungenani umkhiqizi oyedwa e-Astigiano (isifunda esikhiqiza iwayini esifundazweni sase-Asti, enyakatho ye-Italy) yenza i-Moscato eyomile futhi ibhale i-VdT ngoba imithetho ye-IGT ithi uMoscato kufanele abe mnandi.
I-Vino i-Indicazione Geografica (IGT) noma i- "Geographical Indication" iwayini elikhiqizwa endaweni ethile.
Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakungekho lutho olukhethekile mayelana namawayini amaningi e-IGT, nakuba lokho akusekho iqiniso - lapho imithetho ishintshwe ukuze inqabe ukubeka isivini (ngonyaka wokukhiqiza) kwiwayini le-VdT, abakhiqizi abaningi babhala ngokunye okunye, "i-Super Tuscan," kanye nezinye iwayini ezichazwe ngenhla njenge-IGT. Vakashela leli khasi ukuze uthole uhlu lwewayini lama-Italian IGT.
I-Vino i-Denominazione di Origine Controllata (i-DOC) noma i-"Designed Designation Origin" yimpendulo yase-Italy ku-AOC yesiFulentshi ( Appellation d'origine contrôlée ) . Ama-DOC ama-wine akhiqizwa ezindaweni ezithile, ezichazwe kahle, ngokwemithetho eqondile eyenzelwe ukugcina imikhuba yendabuko ye-winemaking yesifunda ngasinye. Imithetho yokwenza i-Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC, isibonelo, ihluke ngokuphawulekayo kulabo okwenza i-Salice Salentino DOC (esuka ePuglia) noma i-Frascati DOC (evela endaweni ejikeleze iRoma).
I-winery ingasho isivini ukuthi amagilebhisi avela, kodwa ayikwazi ukubiza iwayini ngemuva kohlobo lwamagilebhisi futhi angeke asebenzise igama elithi "Superior." Njengoba iwayini kufanele lihlangabezane namazinga athile ekhwalithi ukuze afaneleke njenge-DOC, izinga lewayini lase-Italy lonke liye lathuthuka kusukela i-DOCs yokuqala yasungulwa ngawo-1960, nakuba kwezinye izimo imithetho eyakhiwe yi-commissions yayinezimo ezingalindelekile - Ngokwesibonelo, amaTuscans aseSpain aphakama kusukela ekudingisweni (kusukela ehlile) ukuthi abakhiqizi bafaka amagilebhisi amhlophe kuChianti Classico yabo. Kukhona okwamanje amawayini angaphezu kwama-300 e-Italian DOC.
I-Vino i-Denominazione di Origine Controllata e-Garantita (i-DOCG): noma "Ukuqokwa Okuqinisekisiwe Nokuqinisekisiwe Kwemvelaphi." Lesi sigaba sekhwalithi sifana ne-DOC, kodwa sinamandla kakhulu. Izivuno ezivunyelwe ngokuvamile ziphansi, futhi iwayini le-DOCG kufanele lidlulise ukuhlolwa, ukuhlaziywa, nokulahlwa yikomiti elayisensi kahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba ibhaliswe. Ukwakhiwa kwamawayini e-DOCG kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukiseni konke izinga lewayini lase-Italy - akusizwanga umkhiqizi ukuthi izivini zakhe zihlala endaweni yeDOCG ukukhiqiza iwayini elingakulungele ukufaneleka. Kukhona okwamanje cishe amawayini angu-74 e-Italian DOCG, kuhlanganise no-Barolo, Chianti Classico, uBrunello di Montalcino, i-Amarone della Valpolicella, no-Prosecco Superiore.
[Ehlelwe nguDanette St. Onge]